In pregnancies exposed to chemotherapy after the first trimester, congenital anomalies, preterm delivery, and growth restriction were not increased as compared with general population norms. Mean gestational age at delivery was not significantly different than neonates who were not exposed to chemotherapy. There was a statistical significant difference in the birth weight between groups, which may not be clinically significant.

Pregnant women diagnosed with breast cancer can receive treatment comparable with nonpregnant women leading to a similar survival when matched for stage at diagnosis. The majority of children who were exposed to chemotherapy in utero did not demonstrate significant complications. We report the single largest cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer during pregnancy.

Neonatal and first-year survival of infants with CHDs varies by both the type of cardiac malformation and the presence of additional cardiac and non-cardiac malformations. Further work will focus on the effects of maternal and infant characteristics on survival.

Identifying those most at risk of death and complications following surgery and preventing them is the major challenge of perioperative care in the coming decades. Future research should focus on how postoperative care can best be structured to provide optimum care to patients within available resources. Incidence of complications or failure to rescue (FtR) may provide useful metrics in future research.