No abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted on bovine hydatidosis from May 2018 to November 2020 with the aims of finding its incidence and economic losses in bovine slaughtered for human consumption in Dalomana municipality abattoir. Usual ante mortem and post-mortem inspection was carried out on overall of 430 selected slaughtered cattle. From this total inspected, 82(19.1%) of them had harboured hydatid cyst (s) in one or more of their organ’s. Age and body condition as a risk factor were statistically significant as older zebus and medium were more infected (P < 0.05, χ2 = 14.597 and p value < 0.05 χ2 = 9.68) respectively. Similarly, the geographical origin of the animals had significant contribution on hyadatid cyst distribution (P < 0.05, χ2 = 12.724). Sex was statistically non-significant (P > 0.05, χ2 = 0.74) and have no difference.The single and multiple organs were infected by hydatid cysts. From the total of 282 hydatid cysts collected and characterized lung and liver took more percentage in harboring cysts, from this 137(48.58%) and 126(44.68%) cysts were observed in lung and liver respectively and 19(6.74%) are observed in other organ, such as spleen kidney, and heart. The study indicated that annual economic failure due to direct organ condemnation and indirect carcass weight loss from the disease in Dalomana was estimated to be 105769.657 ETB. Hence, bovine hydatidosis is significantly a common disease in cattle, with severe public health fears and leads considerable observable and undetectable losses in bovine in Dalomana and its surroundings.

Gastrointestinal tract is one of the organ systems which infected by different pathogenic organisms specifically the predilection sites for different parasites (helminthes and protozoa) which absorb the nutrient and predispose to another infection. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the published information regarding the epidemiology and the diagnostic approaches of chicken helminthes infection and coccidiosis. The disease is the main constraints of poultry production in different parts of world and gastrointestinal parasite is the most common infections of poultries directly and predisposes to others different infection. The common internal parasitic infections occur in poultry include cestodes, nematodes and coccidian that may cause considerable damage and great economic loss to the poultry industry due to malnutrition, decreased feed conversion ratio, weight loss, lowered egg production and death in young birds. Furthermore, parasites can make the flock less resistant to diseases and exacerbate existing disease conditions. Poultry coccidiosis generates economic losses due to mortality, reduced body weight plus the expenses related to preventive and therapeutic control. More research and investigation related to epidemiology and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasite should apply to increase the poultry production.

Submission of an original paper with copyright agreement and authorship responsibility.I (corresponding author) certify that I have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of this work and the analysis of the data (wherever applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. I believe the manuscript represents valid work. I have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. Neither has the manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my authorship been published nor is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment. Furthermore I attest that I shall produce the data upon which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees, if requested.Thanking you.

Poultry production is a sector of livestock production to gain meat, egg, and other products from domesticated bird species, including chickens, ostriches, turkeys, ducks, and guinea fowls. Poultry production is different from country to country due to different economic activities, environmental situations, and cultural aspects of society. With this in mind, the current study aimed to review the literature to explore the current status of poultry production, highlight the constraints in poultry production, and predict the future of poultry production. In many societies, poultry plays an important socio-cultural role. Diseases, market problems, feed resources, lack of proper housing, predators, as well as social and cultural constraints are all obstacles to the future growth of the poultry industry. Despite the presence of a large chicken population in Ethiopia, contribution to the national economy or benefit exploited is very limited due to diseases, predators, and veterinary services. The main diseases affecting the chickens in Ethiopia include viral disease (Newcastle disease), gastrointestinal parasites, ectoparasites, aspergillosis, and different bacterial infections due to lack of biosecurity. In addition, chicken predators affecting poultry production in Ethiopia are wild mammals locally called ama, cats, and birds (vultures). However, the poultry production system has a bright future since different local and international humanitarian organizations have recognized that addressing this sector will benefit the poorest and most disadvantaged people in developing nations. With the need to increase animal protein sources in the world, there is general agreement that these areas are going to witness further expansion in the current decades. Therefore, it is recommended to increase productivity through improvements in health, management, and control of predators.