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Different virtual chemistry laboratories (VCLs) have been developed with which students can perform and practice their practical and experimental work, thus increasing their learning before performing the same work in a real chemistry laboratory. In this paper, we present an analysis of the existing virtual chemistry laboratories by identifying their strengths and shortcomings and formulate guidelines for the development of future VCLs with more generalized, realistic, and flexible features.

This paper presents a novel compact unilayer frequency selective surface (FSS) for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications particularly for gain enhancement of printed antennas. The proposed FSS unit cell consists of simple metallic patterns printed on both sides of 14 mm × 14 mm FR4 substrate. The proposed FSS has very low transmission co‐efficient and linearly decreasing reflection phase over the bandwidth of 9 GHz in 3–12 GHz range, which makes it suitable candidate to provide in‐phase reflection for UWB antennas. For the validation of gain‐enhancement capability, the FSS is paired with a general monopole UWB antenna demonstrating an average gain improvement of 4 dB. The antenna composite has a maximum gain of 8.9 dBi.