Objectives:The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between professional vocation and ethical inclination in clinical dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 221 clinical dental hygienist in Busan and Kyeongnam from April 1 to 30, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of structured questions including demographic characteristics(9 questions), vocational calling(9 questions), deontology(12 questions), asceticism(13 questions), and utilitarianism(8 questions). Questionnaire was carried out by Likert scale. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS Window 19.0 for frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Results: There was a significantly positive correlation between professional vocation and ethical inclination. The deontology was associated with education, dental service career, duty hours, and number of clients in multivariate analysis after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and professional vocation. Asceticism was also correlated with education, and utilitarianism was closely associated with vocational calling, work place, number of clients, and monthly income. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop the curricula including vocational calling and ethical inclination in the dental hygiene education. The dental hygienists should learn the ethical and vocational calling as a professional career.

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Propolis is an extremely safe natural antimicrobial substance that has been reported to have powerful antibacterial efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of propolis against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Propolis was collected from the honey bee Apis mellifera. The strain of C. albicans was cultivated overnight in liquid media incubated at 37℃. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 0.1% chorhexidine (CHX), and propolis extracts (5 μl/ ml, 10 μl/ ml). C. albicans were sensitive to 3% NaOCl, 0.1% CHX, and propolis (5 μl/ ml, 10 μl/ ml) with zones of inhibition of 15, 14.5, 16, and 17 mm, respectively. The CFU of PBS, 3% NaOCl, 0.1% CHX, 5 μl/ ml and 10 μl/ ml of propolis led a 1, 7, 7, 5 and 7-log reduction. Among the groups tested, C. albicans was most sensitive to 10 μl/ ml of propolis, which showed the largest inhibition zones. Therefore, propolis can be a new antimicrobial therapy for oral mucosa disease in traditional medicine.

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