In situ generated acetone pyrrolidine enamine undergoes [6 + 2] cycloadditions with fulvenes to give 1,2-dihydropentalenes. This ring annulation method works particularly well with 6-monosubstituted fulvenes and is subject to steric hindrance at C-6 of the fulvene. On the basis of mechanistic studies, optimal conditions have been developed for a one-pot synthesis of 1,2-dihydropentalenes using catalytic amounts of pyrrolidine.

Aldonitrones derived from spiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene-1-carbaldehyde and its benzo analog undergo a tandem uncatalyzed intramolecular cyclopropane-nitrone cyclization-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine cycloreversion to give cyclopentadienones. Similarly, the NH-nitrone generated in situ from spiro[cyclopropane-1,1′-indene]carbaldehyde oxime leads to benzocyclopentadienone (1H-inden-1-one) by the same mechanism. DFT calculations are in favor of a concerted yet highly asynchronous pathway for the cyclizations. Control experiments with the dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives show that the spirocyclopentadiene unit is essential for the success of the reaction, invoking spiroconjugative effects for increased cyclopropane reactivity.

Photooxygenation of 1,1,3-trimethyl-1,2-dihydropentalene gives an unstable endoperoxide which upon decomposition delivers a bicyclic cyclopropanone intermediate; this species either extrudes CO to give a cycloheptadienone or undergoes a 1,3-acyl shift, both processes occurring most likely in a stepwise manner via diradical intermediates. Alternatively, C3a-C4 cleavage in the dioxygen diradical derived from the endoperoxide yields a 2-cyclopropyl substituted cyclopentadienone epoxide.

1,2-Dihydropentalenes from Fulvenes by [6 + 2] Cycloadditions with 1-Isopropenylpyrrolidine. -The in situ formation of the acetone pyrrolidine enamine is followed by cycloaddition. The preformed enamine (XIV) affords a mixture of cycloadducts which under acidic conditions produce a tricyclic dihydropentalene (XVI). Investigations concerning educts bearing more complex substituents reveal that the reaction is unsuccessful. -(COSKUN, N.; MA, J.; AZIMI, S.; GAERTNER, C.; ERDEN*, I.; Org. Lett. 13 (2011) 22, 5952-5955, http://dx.