Weaning is a stressful step in calf rearing which can lead to oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate oxidative stress and antioxidant status in calves pre and post weaning. A total of 22 clinically healthy female Holstein calves at the same age were selected and their blood samples were examined to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) in red blood cells and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Sampling was performed in 4 consecutive stages: 7 days pre-weaning, the day of weaning, 24 and 72 hours after it. The results indicated that the activity of SOD and GPx enzymes increased significantly on the weaning day compared to the previous week. CAT activity increased 24 and 72 hours after weaning and its increase was significant 72 hours after weaning compared to the day of weaning. An increase was observed in MDA level on the day of weaning compared to a week before, and the trend was towards increase after the weaning. Weaning stress leads to disturbances of oxidative system balance and causes oxidative damage in calves. This imbalance can be probably resolved by improving the antioxidant system and supplementing antioxidants such as vitamins E and C against free radicals produced during weaning.

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Introduction: Diarrhea is the most common cause of death in neonatal calves. The most important agents of diarrhea in young calves include bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Only limited attention has been paid to the role of fungi in calves' diarrhea. Case Presentation: We report on a neonatal calf with fungal diarrhea caused by Candida albicans. The calf has had dysentery in the previous 10 days despite good appetite. The calf was then treated with oxytetracycline tabulations for 5 days. Conclusions: Yeasts and molds are sometimes associated with lesions in the stomach or intestines of scouring calves, but there is very limited information about their role in calf diarrhea. In this study, C. albicans was isolated in a 15-day-old dysenteric calf. These organisms are not a primary cause of diarrhea in calves, but like in children, they are possibly opportunistic pathogens that proliferate and invade the intestinal mucosa following antibiotic therapy.

Azimpour, S., Nazifi, S. A one-month old calf with history of dysphagia was separated in a farm located in the suburb of Tehran. Clinical examination revealed the presence of microglossia. This is the first report of this malformation in calves.