The attack of concrete owing to sulfate present in sewage is a major problem, both in Australia and worldwide. The prediction of the expected long-term performance of concrete exposed to sewerage and similar environments can be difficult as it is affected by a large number of parameters. In addition the deterioration process in concrete takes a long time to reach a significant level. Whereas considerable research has been undertaken in flowing sewage systems in pipes, little research has been undertaken on static systems contained in septic tanks. A research project conducted at RMIT University has investigated the deterioration of concrete septic tanks located in rural Victoria. A comprehensive set of laboratory experiments was established to measure the accelerated deterioration of concrete under exposure to sulfuric acid. The specimens were manufactured using the same mix design and ingredients used in septic tank production in rural Victoria prior to 1990. The mass changes in the concrete specimens have been recorded and based on the data, a statistical model has been developed to predict the mass change of concrete with time as a function of the cement content and acid concentration observed in sewage. NotationA s surface area (m 2 ) C amount of cement used in the mix design (kg/m 3 ) CR corrosion (mm) M a actual mass loss or gain M o initial mass of the specimen that is measured before specimen is exposed to the chemical solution M p predicted mass loss or gain M t mass at each measurement ML mass loss of the concrete specimen T time of exposure (days) M mass loss (kg) V volume loss (m 3 ) å change in mass as percentage º cement to aggregate ratio in concrete surface (assumed 0 . 3) r m density of outer mortar surface (kg/m 3 )

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Baking market is deriving the new technique to produce low fat foods due to high demand from the health conscious individuals. Fat replacement is largely focused on the fat rich food such as biscuit, cookies and cake etc. Rice bran and broken rice are the two major by-products of rice milling industry that contain important chemical properties such as moisture, hardness score, protein, fiber and ash. The known percentages of rice bran and broken rice powder were mixed separately with wheat flour. The impact of substitution on the rheological behaviour, such as the dough development time, dough strength, dough stability, dough softening, force required to blow bubble in dough, elongation of bubble, swelling index and peak viscosity was studied by Farinograph and Alveograph. The results showed that mixing and baking behaviours are strongly linked to the enzyme treatment and the particle size of rice products. The results are promising and elaborate the competency of rice bran and broken rice as an excellent economical and health stimulating, future substitute for fat replacement in the softdough biscuits.

Internet pornography provides explicit content in various forms and can progress from habit to addiction. The consumption of online porn has risen due to the general use of current technology. The main reasons people consume it are sexual arousal and sexual enhancement. We planned this review study to identify the reasons for online pornography utilization, the mechanisms involved in its addiction, and its physiological, emotional, behavioral, social, and substance abuse effects. After a detailed literature search using PubMed Central and Google Scholar, four case studies and nine original articles from 2000 to 2022 were included. The main findings of the literature demonstrated that watching porn was most frequently done out of boredom, for sexual gratification, and to pick up new fashion and behavior ideas from these movies. In all facets of the users' lives, negative consequences were seen. Due to the explosion of new technologies, online pornography has risen to an alarming level, which has very injurious effects on societies and individuals. Therefore, it is high time to get rid of this addiction to protect our lives from its harmful effects.

Background and objectiveTesticular cancer is the commonest of all types of cancer males are affected with. Testicular cancer, when diagnosed early, has one of the best prognoses. However, in Pakistan, early detection is hindered by religious and sociocultural norms, lack of education, and awareness deficit. Testicular self-examination (TSE) can significantly facilitate early detection of the condition and decrease associated mortality rate. This study aimed to acquire the frame of mind regarding testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE) among the male outdoor patients of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Materials and methodsAfter ethical considerations, elaborated literature review and consequent pilot study were done to develop a bilingual questionnaire. Following patient consent, answers to a set of questions were noted down by the authors. A 90-second bilingual, motivational video was displayed and an educational pamphlet on the same topic was also handed over. Afterward, another survey was conducted to grasp the comprehension, satisfaction, and willingness to spread the message. ResultsAbout 92% of the subjects had not heard of or performed TSE and 58.3% mentioned lack of education as the reason for not knowing the method. Eighty-two percent patients had never heard of TC. Post-education, 100% patients claimed that their knowledge of the subject improved and 97% were ready to teach other male relatives. ConclusionThe results indicate that the population's lack of awareness regarding testicular self-examination and testicular cancer is alarming. Most subjects did not know the age group, risk factors, presentation, and early prevention of testicular cancer.