Aim/Introduction. This study was carried out to assess the incidence and risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Materials and Methods. In this prospective cohort study in a university hospital, all the participants were examined and followed up for new DFU as final outcome for two years. To analyze the data, the variables were first evaluated with a univariate analysis. Then variables with P value < 0.2 were tested with a multivariate analysis, using backward-elimination multiple logistic regression. Results. Among 605 patients, 39 cases had DFU, so we followed up the remaining 566 patients without any present or history of DFU. A two-year cumulative incidence of diabetic foot ulcer was 5.62% (95% CI 3.89-8.02). After analysis, previous history of DFU or amputation [OR = 9.65, 95% CI (2.13-43.78), P value = 0.003], insulin usage [OR = 5.78, 95% CI (2.37-14.07), P value < 0.01], gender [OR = 3.23, 95% CI (1.33-7.83), P value = 0.01], distal neuropathy [OR = 3.37, 95% CI (1.40-8.09), P value = 0.007], and foot deformity [OR = 3.02, 95% CI (1.10-8.29), P value = 0.032] had a statistically significant relationship with DFU incidence. Conclusion. Our data showed that the average annual DFU incidence is about 2.8%. Independent risk factors of DFU development were previous history of DFU or amputation, insulin consumption, gender, distal neuropathy, and foot deformity. These findings provide support for a multifactorial etiology for DFU.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Interlukin-6 (IL-6) serum level and the severity and activity of RA. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 RA patients referred to the rheumatology clinic, the patients were diagnosed by rheumatologists according to ACR / EULAR 2010 criteria. Based on Based on DAS28 score the patients were divided into 4 groups: Remission, Mild, Moderate and Severe. Each group contained 30 patients. Serum levels of ESR, CRP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and RF, as well as serum levels of IL-6, were measured in these patients. Then, the relationship between these factors in the four groups was measured and compared, and the relationship between IL-6 and these factors, and especially the severity of the disease, was evaluated based on DAS-28. Results: This study showed that the serum level of IL-6 has a significant relationship with RA severity according to DAS-28 (P value <0.001). There is also a significant relationship between the ESR level, the number of painful joints, and the number of the swollen joints, and the severity of the disease based on VAS. Conclusion: generally the findings of this study indicate that serum levels of IL-6 plays an important role in the severity and activity of RA disease and can be considered as a determining factor in evaluating severity of RA in RA patients and it is a good guide for step up or down of treatment.