Background The aim of this study was to compare the effect of propofol and ketofol (ketamine-propofol mixture) on EA in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Method In this randomized clinical trial, 87 ASA class I and II patients, aged 3–12 years, who underwent tonsillectomy, were divided into two groups to receive either propofol 100 µg/kg/min (group p, n=44) or ketofol : ketamine 25 µg/kg/min + propofol 75 µg/kg/min (group k, n= 43). Incidence and severity of EA was evaluated using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales on arrival at the recovery room, and 10 and 30 min after that time. Results There was no statistically significant difference in demographic data between the two groups. In the ketofol group, the need for agitation treatment and also mean recovery duration were lower than in the propofol group (30 and 41%, and 29.9 and 32.7 min), without statistically significant difference (P value=0.143 and P value=0.187). Laryngospasm or bronchospasm occurred in 2 patients in each group and bleeding was observed in only one individual in the ketofol group. Conclusion Infusion of ketofol in children undergoing tonsillectomy provides shorter recovery time and lower incidence of EA despite the non significant difference with propofol.

Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is one of the common and unpleasant complications after surgery. The menstrual cycle may be one of the factors which affect the incidence of PONV. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between different phases of the menstrual cycle and PONV. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study and involved 70 women, 15-45 years old, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I and II and were candidates for elective open cholecystectomy. The first day of the previous menstrual period was considered the first day of the cycle, and the patients were divided into two phases: days one to 14 constituted the proliferative and the follicular phases and days 14 to the last day of the cycle constituted the luteal phase. The patients' general anesthesia was accomplished in a standard way. After the end of operation and the transfer of patients to the recovery room, their rate of nausea and vomiting during recovery, within the first two hours, and the first two to six hours of their transfer to the department was examined and recorded. The Rhodes index was used to determine the severity of nausea and vomiting. The data were analyzed using of descriptive statistics, chisquare test, and independent t-test using SPSS 17 software. Results: Based on the results of this study, the severity of PONV during recovery, the first two hours, and the first two to six hours after the transfer of participants to the department did not significantly differ among the different phases. Moreover, there was not a significant difference between the occurrence of nausea and vomiting and the menstruation phases regardless of its severity in the mentioned periods. The received amount of anti-nausea or anti-vomiting medication (i.e. Plasil in this study) was higher in the proliferativefollicular phase in the first 24 hours (p value=0.011). Conclusion: This study showed that menstrual phase does not affect the incidence and severity of PONV.