BackgroundThe level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the mental and physical conditions related to inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during the virtual classes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. 475 students (214 females and 261 males) were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on Morgan’s Table from Farhangian University, Iran. The statistical population includes students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province that using Convenience Sampling the sample size based on Morgan’s Table, 475 students consisting of 214 females and 261 males were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments of this study include International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Questionnaire, and Nordic Skeletal and Muscular Disorders Questionnaire. For data analysis, independent sample t-test was employed to compare two groups. All analyses were conducted using spss24 software.ResultsWith respect to students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes. The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women is 634 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±281, and the average weekly activity level among men is 472 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±231. Fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage is 47.21% (S. D ± 4.74) and women’s average fat percentage is 31.55% (S. D ± 4.37). Also, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained 29.72 and 29.43, respectively, and the difference between the two was considered significant (p < 0.05). On the other hand, 67% (No. 25) of female students and 32% (No. 12) of male students suffered from high depression. Also, based on students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings of our study showed that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes.ConclusionThis study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students.

Introduction: Elderly is a period of alterations in human life that is accompanied by impairments in sensorimotor and cognitive functioning, including working memory especially in the bimanual coordination task. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the errorless, errorful, and random practice schedules on performance and learning of dual task the bimanual coordination task in the elderly.Method: In the current Quasi-experimental study which was conducted in Tehran, 36 elderly were selected by convenience sampling from city parks. They were randomly selected and assigned into three equal groups (errorless group, errorful group and random group). Participants practiced for one day in ten different conditions based on their practice groups. The retention and transfer tests performed 15 trials of15°-35°and 15°-45° movement conditions, respectively, and then a dual task test was performed with 15 trials. To analysis the data, SPSS /19 software and also excel software were used to measure absolute error, repeated measure analysis ANOVA and one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) Results:The results showed that in the acquisition phase, the mean of absolute error in the errorless, erroful and random groups was significant and in fact, the participants of the errorless group with a mean (6.91) showed a lower absolute error. The results also showed that the mean absolute error of the errorless group in the phases of retention (5.58), transfer (9.08), and dual task (9.25) was less than that of the two groups. In fact, the errorless practice protocol has led to a better understanding of dignitaries in the elderly. All groups progressed from pre-test to transfer phase, but the errorless training group had an optimal learning experience than other groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: Considering the deterioration of information processing and the weakness in working memory, elderly get maximum benefit from tasks, which have less cognitive need for working memory. The errorless practice protocol encourages them to learn implicit. The results of this study support the theory of implicit learning and the theory of reinvestment. Excel‫افزار‬ ‫نرم‬ ‫از‬ ‫همچینن‬ ‫و‬ spss19 ‫از‬ ‫ها‬ ‫داده‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫برای‬ ‫شد.‬ ‫اجرا‬ ‫کوشش‬ 15 ‫انجام‬ ‫با‬ ‫ثانویه‬ ‫تکلیف‬ ‫آزمون‬ ‫سپس‬ 15-45 ‫و‬ 15-35 .(α =0/05( ‫شد‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫راهه‬ ‫یک‬ ‫واریانس‬ ‫آنالیز‬ ‫آزمون‬ ‫و‬ ‫مکرر‬ ‫واریانس‬ ‫آنالیز‬ ‫های‬ ‫آزمون‬ ‫و‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫ثابت‬ ‫خطای‬ ‫سنجش‬ ‫برای‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫معناداری‬ ‫تفاوت‬ ‫تصادفی‬ ‫و‬ ‫پرخطا‬ ‫خطا،‬ ‫کم‬ ‫های‬ ‫درگروه‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫خطای‬ ‫میانگین‬ ‫که‬ ‫داد‬ ‫نشان‬ ‫اکتساب‬ ‫مرحله‬ ‫در‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫ها:‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫میانگین‬ ‫که‬ ‫داد‬ ‫نشان‬ ‫نتایج‬ ‫همچنین‬ ‫دادند.‬ ‫نشان‬ ‫خود‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫کمتری‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫خطای‬ ،)6/91( ‫میانگین‬ ‫با‬ ‫خطا‬ ‫کم‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫کنندگان‬ ‫شرکت‬ ‫واقع‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫همه‬ ‫بود.‬ ‫کمتر‬ ‫انتقال‬ ‫و‬ ‫تصادفی‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫دو‬ ‫از‬ )9/25( ‫ثانویه‬ ‫تکلیف‬ ‫و‬ )9/0۸( ‫انتقال‬ ،)5/5۸( ‫یادداری‬ ‫مرحله‬ ‫در‬ ‫خطا‬ ‫کم‬ ‫گروه‬ ‫مطلق‬ ‫خطای‬ ‫بوده‬ ‫دیگر‬ ‫های‬ ‫روش‬ ‫به‬ ‫نسبت‬ ‫تری‬ ‫بهینه‬ ‫یادگیری‬ ‫میزان‬ ‫دارای‬ ‫خ...

This study aimed to investigate the relatively explicit (errorful) or implicit (errorless) conditions on the learning the relative timing was a motor task. Healthy participants (N = 38, Mage = 22.6 years, SDage = 3.2 years) were randomly assigned to one of three groups (control, errorful, errorless). We conducted the study in four phases: (1) Pretest; (2) Acquisition (group specific); (3) Retention at 10-minutes and 24-hours post-acquistion; (4) Transfer at 10-minutes and 24-hours post-acquisition. Each phase consisted of 10 trials, except for Acquisition, which consisted of 45 trials. The transfer tests and also the high correlation between scores the total MSRS scores with errorful and control schedules. participants were tested, in a novel total movement, timing creations and relative timing structure (1300 MS, 325 MS for each segment, respectively). In both the retention and transfer tests, the errorless group in the relative timing ( RMSE) performed more accurately than other groups ( p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that implicit learning in the form of errorless acquisition results is a smoother and more accurate motor performance for the retention and transfer tests. The results support previous findings that display an errorless learning paradigm, effectively minimize skill degradation under pressure conditions that are further consistent with the implicit learning and reinvestment theories.