In this supplementary material, we provide detailed discussion of the 3S validation process, the data values including the references for the data that we used in the case study, and the notation for model and paper characteristics we used in main manuscript.

SUMMARYEfficient management of public transportation systems is one of the most important requirements in rapidly urbanizing world. Forecasting the demand for transportation is critical in planning and scheduling efficient operations by transportation systems managers. In this paper, a time series forecasting framework based on Box-Jenkins method is developed for public transportation systems. We present a framework that is comprehensive, automated, accurate, and fast. Moreover, it is applicable to any time series forecasting problem regardless of the application sector. It substitutes the human judgment with a combination of statistical tests, simplifies the time-consuming model selection part with enumeration, and it applies a number of comprehensive tests to select an accurate model. We implemented all steps of the proposed framework in MATLAB as a comprehensive forecasting tool. We tested our model on real passenger traffic data from Istanbul Metro. The numerical tests show the proposed framework is very effective and gives higher accuracy than the other models that have been used in many studies in the literature.

Sustainable operations are becoming important for companies, after the United Nations 2030 agenda that emerges countries to move toward sustainable development. Taking care of the environment, society, local communities, and related stakeholders are components of sustainable development that are affected by companies’ operations. The facility location/demand allocation/route assignment decisions (hereinafter network) for a company is an operation that has varying economic, environmental, and social outcomes (three pillars) for the company and the related stakeholders. Having an integrated decision support framework that considers three pillars simultaneously and incorporates stakeholders’ preferences seems necessary in the network design to reach a sustainable network and promote sustainable development. This framework is missing in the literature. We present a framework that integrates multi-objective mathematical modeling (MOMM) (Anvari & Turkay, 2017) and multi-actor multi-criteria analysis (MAMCA) (Macharis et al., 2012). MOMM generates a pool of feasible sustainable solutions based on three pillars. Then MAMCA analyzes the feasible solutions for each stakeholder. The company (investor) uses these analyses to decide on the best sustainable solution, which satisfies the three pillars and reduces future risks of conflicts among stakeholders. We apply our approach to an original case to establish the network for a juice company in Turkey using real data.

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is the most widely used cryptosystem developed by a team of cryptographers working at IBM. DES has been cryptanalyzed intensively by researchers, but no efficient attack has been found on DES so far. This is mainly due to the lack of an obvious algebraic relation in the structure of S-boxes, which makes it impossible to use known methods to attack DES. S-boxes are the nonlinear part of DES with strong properties. This paper presents a semilinear relation between input and output of S-boxes that could be used to cryptanalyze DES. This is based on Differential Cryptanalysis method proposed by Biham and Shamir.