Various 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives were synthesized in a simple and environmentally benign method from the reaction of aryl and benzyl nitriles with sodium azide in solvent-free media using montmorillonite K-10 clay as solid recyclable heterogeneous acidic catalyst and microwave irradiation in good yields and short reaction times.

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This study aims to extract and determine the chemical compounds of Carum copticum (L.) and Iris pseudacorus L. essential oil and evaluate their antimicrobial and antioxidants activities. The chemical composition of essential oils was identified by GC–MS. Decanoic acid and thymol were selected as active compounds for preparing nanocapsules. The encapsulation efficiencies of decanoic acid and thymol and their particle size were 79% and 88%, 127.3 ± 1.32, and 122.5 ± 0.98 nm, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that decanoic acid and thymol in the nanocapsules were mixed with polyamide without any chemical reaction and the structure and function of the active compounds did not change in this process. Essential oils, as well as decanoic acid and thymol, showed good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms and the effect of encapsulated compounds was significantly greater than free compounds. Therefore, these compounds can be suggested as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Practical application In the present study, the encapsulation of Carum copticum (L.) and Iris pseudacorus L. essential oils has been successfully applied to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these compounds. Therefore, the objective of this study was in line with the practical applications of these compounds against antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms.