Landslide is one of the most destructive natural hazards that can impose economical and life loss. Fortunately, through numerical and spatial analysis we can lessen the damages caused by landslides. In this study which goes through landslide susceptibility mapping, a combination of AHP and Fuzzy approaches is applied. AHP is used in order to prioritize the effective criteria and Fuzzy method is used in two steps, factor map fuzzification, and factor maps are calculated and overlaid after fuzzification. In order to achieve the best output susceptibility map, 6 scenarios has been proposed in fuzzy overlay step for a study area in Iran as a case study and the best scenario has been chosen according to the comparison of every output with observed landslides layer. The susceptibility map that has the greatest overlap area was the result of using fuzzy Or in overlap step which is considered as a suitable way in hazard risk zonnation. Analysis of the final landslide susceptibility map shows that scenario 6 which is proven to be the most suitable outcome, has the least AUC= 0.3 and matches with observed landslides much better than other scenarios, and through physiographical analysis, we found that most landslides have occurred and are probable in are used as good ranges, are in middle slope angle, and have northern slope aspects.

National Flood Interoperability Experiment (NFIE) derived technologies and workflows will offer the ability to rapidly forecast flood damages. Address Points used by emergency management personnel approximate the locations of buildings, and they are a common operating picture for emergency responders. Most United States (U.S.) county tax assessment offices throughout the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) produce georeferenced cadastral data. To varying degrees, these parcel data describe building characteristics of structures within the parcel. Address Point data with cadastral data offers the ability to rapidly develop building inventories for flood damage estimation. Flood damage forecasts can expedite recovery and improve short-term flood resilience. In this work the authors evaluate Flood Damage Wizard, a proposed open source platform independent methodology. Flood Damage Wizard uses point shapefile building information to estimate flood damage to buildings by finding the appropriate depth-damage function using fuzzy-text matching. The authors apply Flood Damage Wizard using Address Point and parcel datasets to demonstrate a method of estimating flood damage to buildings nearly anywhere within the CONUS. Results indicate using Address Point and cadastral datasets can generate total flood damage estimates approximate to those estimated using existing software solutions Hazus-MH and HEC-FIA with minimal manual processing of input data.(KEY TERMS: risk assessment; planning; flooding; geospatial analysis; damage assessment; open source software; rapid damage assessment.)

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This paper is built upon the previous developments on lateral earth pressure by providing a series of analytical expressions that may be used to evaluate vertical profiles of the effective stress and the corresponding suction stress under steady-state flow conditions. Suction stress profile is modeled for one layer sand near the ground above the water level under hydrostatic conditions. By definition, the absolute magnitude of suction stress depends on both the magnitude of the effective stress parameter and matric suction itself. Thus, by developing the Rankine's relations in seismic state, the composing method of active and passive surfaces in sides of unbraced sheet pile is examinated and the effects of soil parameter on those surfaces are evaluated by a similar process. The relations described the quantitative evaluation of lateral earth pressure on sheet pile and the effects of unsaturated layer on bending moment and embedded depth of sheet pile in soil.

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