Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute motor paralysis in children where most of electrophysiological findings reveal demyelinating neuropathy. However, an axonal form of Guillain-Barre syndrome had been reported too. Objectives: Assess the role of neurophysiological study (EMG and NCS) in the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome subtypes in children and estimate the frequency of subtypes whether demyelinating or axonal form of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Subjects and methods: Two study groups of either sex was involved, thirty (30) Guillain-Barre patients with different ages and thirty(30) normal healthy subjects matched for age and gender served as control group. Each subject submitted to sensory and motor nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) of both upper and lower limbs. Results:The results of this study revealed that 24 (80%), 5 (16.7%), 1 (3.3%) had Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Acute motor axonal neuropathy and Acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy respectively. The most affected age group was (3-6) years, and the majority of patients had a preceding infection in the past 3 months. Furthermore, 29 patients out of 30 had lost deep tendon reflexes and the H-reflex was absent in 22 (73.3%), however, the F-wave was absent in lower limbs more than upper limbs (46.6%) and (26.6%) respectively. The distal motor latency was abnormal in 121 (82.3%) nerves out of 147 total examined nerves. Conclusion:Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most frequent subtype of GBS, the change in sensory and motor NCS parameters was higher in lower limbs than upper limbs. Proximal segments are more vulnerable to demyelination rather than intermediate or distal nerve segments.

This study aimed to investigate evidence of gray matter brain lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by evaluating the resting state alpha rhythm of brain electrical activity.The study included 50 patients diagnosed with MS recruited from the MS clinic with 50 age and gender-matched control participants. The study investigated parameters of posterior dominant rhythm (PDR) in the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings including wave frequency and amplitude. Functional disability among the patients was evaluated according to the expanded disability status scale. Univariate statistical analysis was completed using one-way analysis of variance and t test with a P value of less than .05 to indicate statistical significance.Patients with MS had significantly lower PDR frequency and amplitude values compared to the controls (P value < .01) and 34% of the MS patients had a PDR frequency of less than 8.5 Hz. The PDR frequency was negatively associated with the level of functional disability among the patients (P value <.001) and 4% of the patients had abnormal epileptiform discharges.Background slowing of resting alpha rhythms and epileptiform discharges are suggestive of gray matter degeneration and may help in the prediction and follow-up of cortical damage and functional disabilities among MS patients. Therefore, electroencephalography monitoring of the PDR spectrum may serve as an alternative or complementary tool with other imaging techniques to detect and monitor cerebral cortical lesions.

In our research this decree (the future of Indian-American relations, motives and determinants) we show the importance of international relations between the two countries as a vital relationship of increasing importance at the present time, India is one of the emerging countries that will have a great position in the international political pyramid in the next stage, as relations have witnessed The list between them has enjoyed great prosperity since the early nineties, especially after India opened its economy to the outside world, and the American administration succeeded in investing elements of its political, economic and military strength in the field of its international relations, so I made use of these ingredients, especially with the assumption of the position of the only superpower in the international arena in all its relations with Countries of the world in a way that serves their interests and strategic goals in a way that ensures their survival over other international powers . And the existing relationship between the two countries acquires great importance, according to the group of great interests maintained by both the Indian and American parties, as both countries have a set of goals and benefits that accrue to each of them with benefits, especially if we realize that the size of the economic relationship between them is in continuous development and that India It is one of the emerging international powers that aspire to play a broad global role in light of the stage in which the United States of America sided at the top of the international political pyramid .

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