The mutual effects of COVID-19 and obesity December 31st, 2020, is the day on which the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed about the birth of a new virus belongs to CORONA viruses family causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Zhu et al., 2020). On March 11th, 2020, the WHO announced to the world the confirmation of COVID-19 as pandemic after causing 1,776,867 confirmed cases and 111,828 confirmed deaths (Zhu et al., 2020). COVID-19 is known to cause lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, does it cause overweight or obesity? Is it dangerous to be obese and get COVID-19?Overweight and obesity are defined as excessive fat accumulation, so they represent a risk to health. Most of the world's populations live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight. But will the world notice an increase in obesity during this era of the COVID-19 epidemic?One gets obese due to the consumption of too many calories to be used by the body. This occurs due to eating energy-dense foods that are rich in fat and sugar and decrease in physical activity (Smethers and Rolls, 2018). Changes in diet and lifestyle are usually due to environmental changes, which are evident during this period of the pandemic, curfew, and quarantine. All governments that got COVID-19 in their countries have started a curfew until further notice. This leads to a change in lifestyle and a decrease in exercise practice in their populations. So, in addition to work stops, the people in these countries stopped working and going to gyms or parks to do exercise or even doing at home. Many people may become stressed, depressed, or unable to do any form of exercise and others eating more foods without any kind of activities as a result of bad news of COVID-19 spread, which may result in weight gain and becoming obese (Rodríguez et al., 2020).As COVID-19 pandemic continues sweeping the world, it looks like that it doesn't have effects on physical health only. Still, also it has its burdens on psychological health through fear of catching the virus, worrying about family, social isolation, financial pressure, rumors everywhere, and information overload. These all can lead to increased stress & anxiety levels, which will lead to more physical health issues, including obesity. Previous study reported an association between chronic stress with obesity, higher energy intake & lower diet quality (Isasi et al., 2015). Stress can affect body weight through biological behavioral & psychological mechanisms.Biological mechanisms:• Activation of the hypothalamo-adrenal-pituitary axis, that leads to releasing cortisol, which can affect body weight by promoting eating by stimulating eating on its own, decreasing brain sensitivity to Leptin potentiating reward pathway (Schulte et al., 2015).

The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) could harm the reproductive and sexual health of both males and females. This could be through psychological, immunological, or systemic effects. In this article, we tried to elucidate the mechanisms that could explain the current and future genital affection of COVID-19 patients.

Coronaviruses are one of the Coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. Coronaviruses are small in size (65-125 nm in diameter) and contain a single-stranded RNA as a nucleic material. They are characterized by having crown-like spikes on the virus' outer surface; thus, it is named coronavirus. 1 The coronaviruses are genotypically and serologically divided into four subgroups: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-CoVs. Human CoVs infections are mainly due to α-and β-subgroups like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belong to β-CoVs. 2 The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a β-CoV of group 2B. 3 The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 showed more than 80% identity to SARS-CoV and 50% to the MERS-CoV; both originate in bats. 4,5 Presently, COVID-19 patients are considered to be the primary source of infection, as person-to-person transmission occurs predominantly via direct contact or through droplets during coughing or sneezing. 6 Until now, there is no proof that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through aerosols or from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth. 6 Hence, there are no available data on the consequences of COVID-19 on the course and outcome of pregnancy; it is crucial to pay more attention to this issue, especially that COVID-19 still appears to be sweeping. Moreover, pregnant mothers are pretty more predisposed to infection by respiratory pathogens and severe pneumonia. 2 | IMMUNOLOGY AND PATHOG ENE S IS OF COVID-19 All coronaviruses have specific genes in ORF1 downstream regions that encode proteins for viral replication, nucleocapsid, and spikes formation, and the structural proteins are encoded by the four structural genes, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) genes. 7 Although the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 has

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Several pathological pathways and genetic alterations have been linked to AD; however, the definitive cause of the disease remains unknown. Recently, an increasing body of evidence suggests that neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, might be triggered by microbial infections. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) has been found in brain samples from dead AD patients. At some point of in their lifetime, every person comes into contact with HSV1, but when this enters the brain, it remains latent. However, it was observed that when a person becomes old, and there is a decline in their immunity, the latent HSV1 virus becomes reactivated. The reactivated virus then causes damage to the neural cell DNA and disrupts the DNA repair system, leading to AD. The present review would provide a clear understanding of how HSV1 influences DNA damage, and causes plaque formation and phosphorylation of tau protein, which in turn leads to AD, by inducing the production of interferons that would facilitate the production of specific humoral immunity, which could lead to neurodegeneration.