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Background: Constipation in patients with liver cirrhosis is one of the key factors that might lead to hepatic encephalopathy. However, management of constipation stands on a balance between strategies for prevention and self-care/non-pharmacological perspective. Aim; Examine effect of Lifestyle Modification on constipation relieve among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Design: A quazi-experimental non-equivalent pre post-test time series control group. Setting; Medical departments at one of the Educational Hospital affiliated to Cairo-University hospital; Egypt.Hypothesis: H1: Study group who will receive life style modification will have a significant higher mean activity of daily living score compared to the control group who will receive routine hospital care. H2: Study group who will receive life style modification will have a significant lower mean Constipation-Symptoms score compared to the control group who will receive routine hospital care. H3: Study group who will receive life style modification will show improvement of the stool form compared to the control group who will receive routine hospital care. Sample: A purposive sample of 60 adult male & female patients.

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Background: Apparently; the most common causes of hyperthyroidism represent in Graves' disease. Shaker Exercises implementation through head lift exercise and tongue strengthening exercises aim to improve motility and strength the muscles of the neck and enhance swallowing capabilities as well. Aim of the current study was to examine the effect of shaker exercises on swallowing disturbance among patients with hyperthyroidism at a selected University Hospital, Egypt. Design: A quazi-experimental design time series Non-equivalent design was utilized, the study conducted at surgical departments at one of University Hospital; Egypt. Research hypothesis: H1: Study group who received the Shaker Exercises will have a significant lower mean swallowing disturbance score than the control group who received only routine hospital care. H2 (a,b,c & d): Study group who received the Shaker Exercises will have higher correlation between total swallowing disturbance score and selected related sub-Items than the control group who received only routine hospital care. Sample: 60 adult male and female patients divided randomly into two equal groups, control group (n=30 patients) received the routine hospital treatment of the hyperthyroidism, and study group (n=30 patients) received routine hospital in addition to the Shaker Exercises. Tools: Tool I: Demographic and medical data sheet. Tool II: Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: there was a statistical significant difference among study group comparing to control group regarding the swallowing disturbance after shaker exercise interventions. Conclusion: study group patients who received the Shaker Exercise in addition to their routine hospital care "which was medical treatment" was improved significantly comparing to the control group who received only their medical treatment. Recommendation: Replicate the study on a larger group to add to solid evidence practice and replicate the study on other disease rather than hyperthyroidism that interfere with swallowing function.