Sex determination is an important aspect in identification of individuals especially in cases of identifying victims of mass disasters, organised crimes etc. Odontometry is the measurement and study of tooth size. Cranial anthropometry is the measurement of skull dimensions and is considered to be a versatile technique in the investigation of the craniofacial skeleton because of its validity and practicality. To assess tooth crown area of the deciduous molar teeth, to assess head size, to evaluate the extent of sexual dimorphism using head and dental dimension: This study was done in 150 boys and 150 girls. Maxillary and mandibular arch impressions were made, casts were made with dental stone. A vernier calliper was used for obtaining the measurements. Mesiodistal width and buccolingual width of all the molars were measured in millimetres, tooth crown area (TCA) was calculated. Head dimensions were measured using Martin spreading calliper, Cephalic Index (CI) was calculated. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired “t” test, and logistic regression analysis was performed.: The highest tooth crown area was shown by mandibular left second deciduous molar for both boys and girls (p<0.05). Boys showed higher cephalic index compared to girls (p<0.05). The highest percent dimorphism was obtained for maxillary left first deciduous molar.Tooth crown area and head size can serve as a valuable aid for sex determination in pediatric population.

Aim:To evaluate the prevalence of three-rooted primary mandibular first molars in children of Davangere, Karnataka, India.

Aim and objective: To measure the mandibular canine dimension, intercanine distance, and calculate the mandibular canine index (MCI) to assess their usefulness in gender determination. Materials and methods:The study was performed on 60 boys and 60 girls. Impressions of both the arches were made using alginate material, poured in dental stone, and was allowed to set and then the cast bases were made with dental plaster. A digital Vernier caliper was used for obtaining the measurements. The intermolar arch width, intercanine width, and MCI were calculated. Sexual dimorphism was calculated using the formula given by Garn and Lewis. The data were statistically analyzed using the unpaired "t" test. Results: There was no statistical significance seen in the mandibular intermolar and intercanine distance between the two groups. The MCI between males and females showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Intermolar distance, intercanine distance, and MCI can be used as an alternative tool for sex determination as an inexpensive and alternative method. Clinical significance: The first study in itself to determine gender in the pediatric population in the city of Davangere, India.

Aim: To present a case report of concomitant occurrence of dens invaginatus and talon cusp in a single tooth with clinical management using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Background: Developmental dental anomalies are an important category of dental morphogenic variants. Developmental anomalies of the permanent dentition are most frequently encountered in the maxillary lateral incisor. Talon cusp is an additional cusp that projects predominately from the lingual or occasionally from the labial surface of anterior teeth. This accessory crown structure is composed of enamel, dentine, and varying degrees of pulp tissue. Dens invaginatus is defined as a deep surface invagination of the crown or root that is lined by the enamel. Case description: A 12-year-old female patient reported with complaint of small swelling in the upper front region of gums. Clinical examination revealed presence of the sinus tract with respect to the permanent maxillary left lateral incisor with morphologic alteration with associated talon cusp. Intraoral periapical radiographic and CBCT examination revealed malformation of the root with the enamel-lined tract mesial to and separate from the main root canal. Large periapical radiolucency approximately sized 1-1.5 cm was associated with the tract. Root canal treatment of the main root canal as well as of dens invagination followed by apicectomy and cyst enucleation was done. Conclusion: Co-occurrence of a talon cusp and double dens invaginatus is an extremely rare developmental dental anomaly. This case report represents a talon cusp with dens invaginatus on the maxillary left lateral incisor with associated cyst. Early identification is needed for prevention of potential problems on the affected or opposing tooth. Clinical significance: This case report presents a management of unusual clinical case of dens invaginatus and talon cusp associated with periapical cyst because of deep infected dens invaginatus using CBCT examination.

Dental anomalies of tooth number in development of the permanent dentition are quite common than the primary dentition. However, the combined occurrence of hypodontia and hyperdontia is a rare phenomenon, especially in the same dental arch, congenital absence of maxillary central incisor is still the rarest entity. The purpose of this report is to describe a rare case of a solitary maxillary permanent central incisor in association with labially erupted mesiodens.