Background: Orthopantomograph (OPG) is one of the most common radiograph use by dental surgeon for evaluate information about teeth, Maxilla, Mandible and other bony structure. It is also available, low price and low doses of radiation. Mandibular condyle is most important landmarks of mandible, which is changes due to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the best screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities today. Objectives: The aims at objective of observing and documentation of shapes of condyle on an orthopantomogram, which were very important for treatment of patient in different branch of dentistry specially in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Materials and Methods: This study composed radiographic evaluation of 500 condylar heads after imaging 250 digitalized OPGs taken for analysis. Then evaluate the mandibular condylar shape in 2D dimensional view (OPG). Results: In our study, an attempt to common prevalent radiographic shapes of the condylar head on the OPG. 200 pairs of condylar heads were evaluated. Out of them 60% were oval in shape, followed by bird beak (29%), diamond (9%) and least being crooked finger (2%). Oval-oval was commonly occurring mix (67%), whereas crooked/ crooked finger was a rarity. Conclusion: Due to low radiation exposer and availability, OPG is common chose of dentist for primary evaluate the tooth, mandible and facial skeleton. Shapes of the mandibular condyle also evaluate by OPG which showing ovaloval being most accepted in both genders. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 29-31

Background:Skin act as a protective barrier to prevent the contamination from environment and dehy- dration of tissue. After any surgery to the oral cavity, wound closure or reconstruction is mandatory which is done by skin graft and skin substitute like amniotic membrane by the process of epithelializa- tion and tissue regeneration. Amniotic membrane is use as skin substitute in burn, eye and oral cavity as biologic wound dressing.Objective:To evaluate the epithelialization after use of amniotic membrane in mucosal defect of oral cavity as a biologic dressing.Methods:This was a prospective study which included 26 with premalignant lesion in buccal mucosa who under went excision of the lesion from intraoral buccal mucosa between January 14-june 15 and post operative follow up for 4-6 month after the surgical procedure. We used amniotic membrane(am) for dressing of the defects in buccal mucosa of oral cavity under local anesthesia. Efficacy of this procedure was assessed by granulation tissue formation with surface epithelialization on the graft site.Results:The epithelialization evaluated in postoperative period. According to sex 40 males 70% and 30 females age 22-72 years with means age 45.0±10.5 years. After excision of lesion from buccal mucosa amniotic membrane was grafted on the defect. Completeadherence of amniotic membrane in most of the cases.Wound covered by epithelialization was entire wound coverage in 85% and Nearly entire wound coverage in 15% when use amniotic membrane use as a biologic dressing in oral cavity. No allergic reaction occurs in any patients.Conclusion: Amniotic membrane can be useas a skin substitute in buccal mucosa of the oral cavity.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 36-40

To compare the use of Fresh Frozen Amniotic Membrane (FFAM) and Buccal Pad of Fat (BPF) for reconstruction of oral mucosal defect after surgical excision of leukoplakia. Material and Methods: Twenty patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group 1 use amniotic membrane graft and Group 2 BPF. Both groups were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Incisal opening, epithelialization and fibrosis were evaluated after one month of surgery. Chi square and Student t tests were used. Results: According to the presence of smoking habits, the highest frequencies were for smoking (30%) and betel leaf areca nut with tobacco (30%). Regarding the diameter of oral leukoplakia, in 40% of the participants it was 2x3 cm 2. In Group1, after one month of surgery preoperative and postoperative inter-incisal opening values were 44.20 ± 3.37 and 42.05 ± 3.47 (p<0.001). In Group 2, preoperative and postoperative inter-incisal opening values were 44.09 ± 3.32 and 43.01±3.38 (p>0.05). When FFAM was used complete epithelialization in 70% and incomplete epithelialization in 30% patients. When BPF was used the results were almost similar. Fibrosis occurred in 30% in Group 1. There were no complications like flap necrosis, infectiona and hematoma formation. Conclusion: Incisal opening was significantly better in Fresh Frozen Amniotic Membrane Group, epithelialization and fibrosis were almost same in both groups after surgical excision of oral leukoplakia.