Periodontal pathogens and their by-products trigger production of cytokines, acute phase proteins and oxidative stress molecules that impair insulin sensitivity or action. The effect of mechanical treatment alone on metabolic control in diabetes is controversial. The present study compared changes in glycaemic control following full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) by measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level in 15 chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes. At baseline, periodontal examination, HbA1c evaluation and full-mouth SRP was done. Periodontal examination and HbA1c evaluation were repeated after 3 months. Change in HbA1c levels at 3 months was the primary outcome and changes in clinical parameters were secondary outcomes. Statistically significant improvement in periodontal status and HbA1c levels were seen after a follow up of 3 months following SRP. Periodontal treatment improved clinical measures of chronic periodontitis in patients with diabetes, supporting use of nonsurgical periodontal treatment for lowering HbA1c levels.

Background: Mesotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure which involves local intradermal therapy (LIT) with biologically active substances given in minor quantities to the area of pathology. Vitamin C is an important antioxidant agent which can modulate the attenuation of inflammatory process and enhance tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of local injections of Vitamin C for treating persisting inflammation of the gingiva. Materials and Methods: After phase I therapy was completed, five patients with persisting chronic inflammation of the gingiva were injected with the same dosages of Vitamin C into the gingival tissues. Patients were evaluated each week for resolution of gingival inflammation. Results: Clinical observation showed a significant improvement in inflammation of the injected sites during recall appointments. Conclusions: LIT with Vitamin C has a synergistic interaction along with scaling and root planing in the treatment of persistent gingival inflammation.

Nosocomial infections are a major concern to both clinicians and health care seekers. Investigations have suggested that laptops & mobile phones may contribute to cross-contamination and can serve as vehicles for infection transmission. Therefore, it is of interest to document the data on hidden reservoirs such as mobile phones and laptops of pathogens in dental settings at the Hazaribag college of dental sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand. The samples were collected from 25 laptops and 25 mobile phones from dentists working in a dental college in Hazaribag city. The samples were collected aseptically using sterile cotton swabs dipped in sterile saline by rotating the swabs on the keyboard surfaces of laptops and mobile phones, inoculated into Brain Heart Infusion broth, vortexed for 1 minute in Fischer Vortex Genie 2 on highest setting & streaked immediately on 5% sheep blood agar plates and were incubated at 370C for 24 hours aerobically. The isolates were identified based on the colony morphology, colony characteristics and biochemical reactions. The bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Bacillus species, Enterococci, Micrococci, and Pseudomonas etc. Predominant species isolated was Staphylococcus aureus and least was Micrococci. Higher percentage of organisms was found at the Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and least was found in Department of Public Health Dentistry. The percentage and type of organism isolated from keyboards of laptops and mobile phones were similar. Thus, laptops and mobile phones act as vehicles for transfer of potential pathogens associated with dental hospitals. Disinfecting the hands prior to examination of patients and disinfection of laptops and mobiles with alcohol wipes should be done to prevent nosocomial infections.

Background: Extensive in vitro and in vivo research has been conducted in the previous decades to analyze the effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Moringa oleifera is a highly potent medicinal plant that has anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties. In our study, we aim to design, formulate, and evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of M. oleifera extract for local drug delivery (LDD) as periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was an in vitro experimental model. M. oleifera extract was prepared using a maceration process with powdered dried leaves of M. oleifera and 70% ethanol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Moringa extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis was assessed using the broth dilution method. The gel was prepared with the obtained MIC of Moringa extract and a combination of polymers- Polyethylene glycol 6000, Carbopol 940, and Chitosan. Further, the formulated gel was subjected to in vitro characterization by thermodynamic stability tests, pH determination, and syringeability test. Viscosity was determined using Brookfield DV-II + Viscometer. Mucoadhesive strength was determined using a fabricated mucoadhesive strength test apparatus. Results: M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis even at a low amounts of 25 mg/ml and so is a potent botanical extract for the formulation of LDD agents for periodontal diseases. The formulation shows adequate stability, good mucoadhesiveness, and controlled drug release, on incorporating the herbal extract into the blank gel. Conclusion: The M. oleifera leaves extract possesses a bactericidal effect against P. gingivalis which has been suggested to be the keystone pathogen in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. Hence, M. oleifera leaves extract can be used to treat periodontal diseases as a LDD agent.