The Troud Chah Shirin belt, located in the Alborz magmatic belt, is one of several mineralized belt in Iran. Ore mineralization in this belt is controlled by faults and fractures. The spatial distribution of mineralization is the foremost concern in regional exploration and it could be considered as a very important tool in the investigation of mineral deposits. In this study, we use point pattern and Fry analyses to known occurrences and distribution of epithermal mineral deposits, and results show that structural controls play the major role in distribution of these ore deposits. A mechanism of structural controls on epithermal mineral ization, which is involves a more or less regular T fractures of extension faults/fractures at and/or around intersections of F1 and F2 trending strike slip faults/fractures. Spatial data and structural controls can apply for future exploration, for possibly undiscovered occurrences of epithermal ore deposits.

Purpose: Given that physical activity is the most important environmental moderating factor, it has been known as an effective, available, low-cost and non-pharmacological approach to increase or maintain bone density at different ages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of training in water, on land and combined environment on bone mineral density in premenopausal women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, 40 premenopausal women aged between 40 and 45 years were divided into four groups (with 10 patients each) based on the exercise environment: water, land, combined, and controlled. Each group exercised three days a week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting 70 minutes. The lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density of the participants was measured by DEXA before and after 12 weeks and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Analysis of covariance and LSD, with the significance level of .For statistical calculations, SPSS software version 21 was used. Results: In the combined environment group, the lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density showed a significant increase (P>0.05), while in the control group first vertebra bone density loss was observed for the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae(P<0.05). In comparison with the control group, there was a significant difference among the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density in the water exercise group;first, third and fourth lumbar vertebrae density in the land exercise group; and all lumbar vertebrae density in the combined environment group. Conclusion: Given that there was no difference observed between water and land exercise groups,exercise in any environment is recommended for premenopausal women because the least effect that exercise can have is prevention of bone loss in these ages.

Background and Objectives: The best way to prevent osteoporosis, at old age is to prevent bone loss and at young age is trying to keep bones healthy, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of combined exercise on bone mineral density of premenopausal females. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted among 20 premenopausal females between 40 and 45 years old, which were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and control groups) in Hamadan city, during year 2016. The experimental group completed a 12-week combined exercise-training program (6 weeks in water and 6 weeks on land), three times a week and 70 minutes per session. Before and after the 12 weeks, femoral bone mineral density in all samples was measured by DEXA bone mineral densitometry. Data were analyzed with the SPSS 21 software using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as independent and paired t-test, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Bone mineral density of femoral neck and total hip of the experimental group, had significant differences with corresponding areas of the control group (P > 0.05). In other words, the results revealed that 12 weeks of combined exercise increases femoral bone mineral density in the experimental group with a significant decrease in the control group. conclusions: According to the results, to prevent a decrease in bone mineral density during the menopausal period, combined exercises are recommended for females at this age.

Purpose: Given that weight and body mass index (BMI) are considered as modifiable factors in osteoporosis, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of weight and BMI with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the femur and lumbar vertebrae in perimenopausal women. Methods:In this descriptive-correlational study, we measured the bone density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) of 40 women in perimenopause stage (Mean±SD age: 42.85±1.86 years; Mean±SD weight: 69.55±10.97 kg; Mean±SD height: 159.42±6.01 cm; and Mean±SD BMI: 27.60±4.04 kg/m 2 ) using a bone densitometry system. The study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis, at 0.05 significance level. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 21.Results: Women in the normal group were significantly different from women in the obese group with regard to BMD and BMC (P=0.001). Weight and BMI were positively correlated with BMD and BMC. Weight and BMI, together, could explain 42% and 37% of the variance of BMD and BMC at the lumbar vertebrae, respectively; and 70% and 63% of the variance of BMD and BMC at the total hip, respectively. Conclusion:The results of the present study support the predictive role of weight and BMI in BMD and BMC. Therefore, future studies are suggested to examine other effective factors with larger samples.