Background Lipid levels during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been extensively studied; however, it remains unclear whether dyslipidaemia is a potential marker of preexisting insulin resistance.Objective To evaluate the relationship between lipid measures throughout pregnancy and GDM.Search strategy We searched PubMed-MedLine and SCOPUS (inception until January 2014) and reference lists of relevant studies.Selection criteria Publications describing original data with at least one raw lipid (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], or triglyceride) measurement during pregnancy in women with GDM and healthy pregnant controls were retained.Data collection and analysis Data extracted from 60 studies were pooled and weighted mean difference (WMD) in lipid levels was calculated using random effects models. Meta-regression was also performed to identify sources of heterogeneity.Main results Triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in women with GDM compared with those without GDM (WMD 30.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 25.4-36.4). This finding was consistent in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. HDL-C levels were significantly lower in women with GDM compared with those without GDM in the second (WMD À4.6, 95% CI À6.2 to À3.1) and third (WMD À4.1, 95% CI À6.5 to À1.7) trimesters of pregnancy. There were no differences in aggregate total cholesterol or LDL-C levels between women with GDM and those without insulin resistance.Author's conclusions Our meta-analysis shows that triglycerides are significantly elevated among women with GDM compared with women without insulin resistance and this finding persists across all three trimesters of pregnancy.

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is of particular concern during pregnancy when not one, but two lives are at risk. Previous meta-analyses have suggested an association between IPV and adverse birth outcomes; however, many large studies have since been published, illustrating the need for updated pooled effect estimates.Objectives To evaluate the relationship between IPV during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth (PTB), low-birthweight (LBW), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants.Search strategy We searched PubMed and SCOPUS (from inception until May 2015), and the reference lists of the relevant studies.Selection criteria Observational studies comparing the rates of at least one adverse birth outcome (SGA, LBW, or PTB) in women who experienced IPV during pregnancy and those who did not.Data collection and analysis Data extracted from 50 studies were pooled and pooled odds ratios were calculated using randomeffects models.Main results Intimate partner violence (IPV) was significantly associated with PTB (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.60-2.29) and LBW (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.68-2.65), although a large level of heterogeneity was present for both (I 2 = 84 and 91%, respectively).The association with SGA was less pronounced and marginally significant (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.02-1.84), although fewer studies were available for meta-analysis (n = 7).Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that women who experienced IPV during pregnancy are at increased risk of having a PTB, and an LBW or an SGA infant. More studies examining the association between IPV and SGA are needed.Keywords Domestic violence, low birthweight, partner abuse, premature, small for gestational age.Tweetable Abstract Meta-analysis of IPV during pregnancy finds increased risk for preterm birth, LBW and SGA infants.

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Editor'. Note: I have asked the originators ofthis comprehensive workshop, "The Pubic HeaIIh Response to Nasopharyngeal Radk.m Irradiation," which was convened In New Haven, Connecticut, on september 27-28, 1995, to Introduce this section of artie... baled on ....cted presentations from the workshop. Th/Ils only the second conference ever held to evaJuate thlslJealment practlcei the flnt meeting was convened nearty 60 years ago, In 1949. It Is only appropriate that we publish the p.....ntatlon. from the recent conference becau.. the procHdlngs 0' the original .ymposlum were published In a 1950 IIIue of our predecessor joumal, Tranlactlon. of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and otolaryngology.