No abstract

A numerical parametric study using the finite element program of PLAXIS was performed on single and double anchored sheet piles systems using different types of sandy soil backfill (loose, medium dense, and dense sand). This numerical study aimed at evaluation of the variation of maximum values of bending moments and anchor forces exerted in the sheet piles. This evaluation was affected by varying of some parameters such as the embedded depth, positions of anchor rods either the upper rod or the lower one, and the sheet pile wall flexural rigidity. For all cases, a surcharge strip load of different values covering a width of about 0.5 of the free height (h) was placed at a free distance of 0.20 h away from the wall of sheet pile. Furthermore, the effect of earth pressure due to both the own weight of backfill soil and the surcharge were considered. The study results indicated that the forces developed in the lower anchor rods are always higher than those developed in the upper anchor rods. The higher value of maximum bending moment achieved at the stiffer sheet pile wall. Finally, in the double anchored sheet pile wall, the lower values of anchor forces and that of maximum bending moments were achieved at the higher density of the soil.

The paper studied a case of anchored sheet piles that exposed to surcharge loads at different distances from the wall. Experimental works were conducted on two different systems of single and double anchored sheet pile walls. Also, numerical simulations were performed on both systems using PLAXIS. The experimental and numerical results were compared. The comparison showed the advantages of using double anchored sheet pile instead of single anchored one. It was found that a large reduction occurred in the values of maximum bending moments in the double anchored system, in addition to a significant reduction in the values of anchor forces. This paper also produced three simplified approaches aiming to solve the statically indeterminate system of double anchored sheet pile exposed to surcharge loads placed at different distances from the sheet pile wall.

Currently our world is facing the challenge of natural resources depletion, specifically the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Accordingly, the implementation of sustainable energy sources is no longer a luxury, but a key issue for survival. Egypt is one of the most fortunate locations when it comes to renewable energies, such as wind and the sun but implementation remains lacking.This paper addresses this matter by offering simple applicable solutions for remote areas, such as Al-Wadi Al-Jadid and Sinai. The idea is based on creating a selfsustaining simple closed system that can be replicated in different settlements, which offers prosperity for the local communities.The proposed system will be designed to address the technical, financial and social barriers that prevent renewable energies from becoming widespread in Egypt. Such a system would consist of financial institutions, suppliers, local technical capacity building and local awareness raising and education. In addition, they use fly ash material in construction of different projects that contains concrete, plaster, and bricks. The use of fly ash material aims at saving energy and reduces the use of cement, as the fly ash replaces about 25 % of cement quantity in concrete and plaster works and about 60 % of brick ingredients.Accordingly, the use of fly ash material leads to reducing the emission of CO2 resulting from the factories of cement. Simply, in order to spread the use of renewable energy on a large scale, the community as a whole must benefit and private individuals must also benefit by being able to make life easier and reduce pollution levels.