The original roots of complementary medicine continue to be found in India, where it is still widely used in public healthcare. Due to the significant rise in frequency in India, diabetes mellitus has recently attracted attention. It is characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels over the threshold and an overflow of added sugar into the urine. The purpose of this research is to look into the traditional medical knowledge of plants used to cure diabetes in the Gajapati district of Odisha. Interactions with the Savara, Shaber, Kandha and Lodha tribes of the district were used to gather information on the anti-diabetic plants. Interacting with the traditional medicine men allowed researchers to chronicle the indigenous knowledge of the plants' anti-diabetic qualities. There are 19 plants in all, spread across 14 families, which have been identified as being used to treat diabetes mellitus. The medicinal plant belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Araceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Apocynaceae and Polypidiaceae are the most frequently used. Roots and leaves were the most frequently used, and decoction extracts were most frequently employed. Our research found a large number of these plants and the products they produce. With more thorough research, the future of diabetes treatment may be promising. For these plants to become recognized as secure and efficient anti-diabetic drugs, additional clinical and pharmaceutical intervention investigations are required.

With an increase in the incidence and outbreak of several new diseases, plant-based medications are becoming increasingly popular owing to their low cost and fewer adverse effects. In this context, the leafy vegetables being enriched in nutritional and therapeutic value are in focus in order to uncover their hidden potential for human welfare. In this backdrop, the present study was undertaken in the Balasore district of Odisha, India to document the ethnomedicinally significant leafy vegetables consumed by the local tribes of the region. A total of 72 leafy vegetables belonging to 35 families under 69 genera were reported with ethnomedicinal uses. The data on information related to their uses was collected through scientifically structured questionnaires, interviews and close interactions with 192 informants. The results also included the determination of fidelity level (FL) along with factor informant consensus value (Fic). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., with a fidelity level of 98.77%, is the most commonly used medicinally potent leafy vegetable. Diabetes had a higher Factor Informant Consensus value (Fic) of 0.994, similar to the common cold and cough disease. The findings of the present study suggested that most of the underutilised leafy vegetables under study possessed curative values and needed further investigation to prove their efficacy against specific diseases reported. Furthermore, these leafy vegetables need immediate attention for their conservation and sustainable utilization and efforts should be made to safeguard the traditional knowledge of tribal communities, which is under threat of extinction.