El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los procesos de envejecimiento poblacional y la magnitud de la población mayor en situación de dependencia en la actualidad en México y en Argentina, desde una perspectiva comparada con España. Se construyeron series históricas de la proporción de personas de 65 años y más sobre la base de los censos de población de cada país. La cantidad de personas en situación de dependencia y la prevalencia de dicha condición se aproxima a partir de encuestas de discapacidad o envejecimiento para Argentina, España y México, utilizando indicadores de actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria. Los resultados indican que tanto Argentina como México presentan una prevalencia de dependencia superior a la observada en España, lo cual, sumado al rápido crecimiento en la población de adultos mayores en la región, pone de relieve la necesidad de avanzar en el diseño de políticas de prevención y cuidados de largo plazo en estos países.

La transición demográfica ha derivado en el progresivo envejecimiento de las poblaciones de los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Hasta el momento se desconoce cuál será el impacto del envejecimiento demográfico en las sociedades con menor afluencia de recursos económicos y, aún más, en contextos de pobreza. Según los estudios de historia demográfica, una de las consecuencias del envejecimiento poblacional es el cambio en las modalidades y configuraciones de los arreglos familiares en los que residen las personas adultas mayores. En este artículo se analizan comparativamente los tipos de hogar y allegamiento generacional de convivencia de las personas mayores en México y Argentina y, a su vez, en las regiones que conforman cada uno de estos países. Se contrasta el tipo de hogar, las modalidades de allegamiento generacional y el nivel de envejecimiento demográfico regional con las características de las poblaciones de adultos mayores seleccionadas: a) pobreza por ingresos, b) cobertura previsional y c) cobertura de salud. Asimismo, se elaboró un modelo logístico multinomial para estimar la probabilidad relativa de residir en distintos tipos de hogar considerando como variables independientes: a) el sexo, b) edad, c) el nivel educativo y d) las regiones de residencia. El propósito del análisis comparado es documentar el impacto del envejecimiento demográfico y del desarrollo económico y social de las regiones en las modalidades de allegamiento residencial de las personas adultas mayores en dos países de América Latina y el Caribe. AbstractThe demographic transition has led to the progressive aging of the populations of Latin America and Caribbean countries. The impact of demographic aging in societies with fewer economic resources, particularly in contexts of poverty, is as yet unknown. Accord-ing to demographic history studies, one of the consequences of population aging is the change in the forms and configurations of the family arrangements in which the elderly population resides. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the types of house-hold and generational coexistence of the elderly in Mexico and Argentina, as well as the regions comprising each of these countries. It contrasts the type of household, patterns of generational coexistence and level of regional demographic aging with the characteristics of the elderly populations selected: a) income poverty, b) pension coverage and c) health coverage. A multinomial logistic model was also developed to estimate the relative prob-ability of living in different household types, considering the following as independent variables: a) sex, b) age; c) educational attainment and d) regions of residence. The purpose of the comparative analysis is to document the impact of demographic ageing and the economic and social development of the regions on the residential coexistence arrangements of older adults in two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

This paper analyzes diverse socio-demographic variables in living arrangements among older people at national and regional levels in Mexico. Using the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics for 1992, 1997, 2006 and 2009, we develop two levels of analysis, household and individual, in order to show trends and changes in composition of households in Mexico focusing on those including elderly people. A multinominal logistic model was used to determine the effect of diverse variables on living arrangements. The findings show an increase in the percentage of households with elderly people living alone; at a regional level, the Yucatá n Peninsula has the lowest percentage of elderly households; old men are more likely to live in nuclear and extended families than women; people aged 80 and older currently employed have greater probabilities of living alone.Keywords: households, aging, regions, living arrangements. IntroductionThe demographic transition in Mexico is leading to an aging population. The decrease in mortality and fertility rates and increase in life expectancy have transformed households, thus becoming an important aspect when planning public policies. In 1930 the mortality rate was 26.7 deaths for each one 1000 inhabitants; in 2000 this indicator was 5.1 and 5.6 deaths for each one 1000 inhabitants in 2010 (Instituto Nacional de Estadí stica y Geografí a [INEGI] 2010). The global fertility rate in 1930 and 2010 were 6 and 2.1 children for women in reproductive age, respectively (INEGI 2010). The life expectancy in the same period was 34.7 years in 1930 and 75 years in 2010 (77 years for women and 73 years for men) (INEGI 2010). According with this demographic process, the main objective of this article is to present some of these transformations at both a national and regional level, as well as showcasing the influence of diverse socio-demographic characteristics on the types of households for the elderly population.As the population ages, individuals' economic and healthcare also needs increase. It is therefore essential to analyze the demographic, economic, and social characteristics of households. Using the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, we analyze the most important changes in Mexican households from 1992 to 2009, giving emphasis to households including residents 60 and older. We also seek to understand the underlying motivations that influence the elderly population's decisions for living in a certain type of household.One aspect that we wish to highlight is the relation between composition of households and socioeconomic status (SES) and the regional distribution of the different types of households within the country. The literature has made it clear that families in Mexico choose to live together in order to optimize resources, but the situation concerning households which include the elderly has not been fully explored (Ramos 1994). We therefore examine the trends in Mexican households over the last two decades and the percentage of elderly households in different regions of ...

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