are common commensal of gastrointestinal tract of human beings. They stand as one of the major causative agent in Nosocomial infections. has gained clinical importance due to their intrinsic and multidrug resistance. Speciation of is important as faecalis being sensitive to vancomycin whereas faecium remains to be resistant, so isolating and treating has become an important task. 1). To determine the species of Enterococci. 2). To determine the antibiogram of A Prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in MIMS, Mandya. Standard protocols were followed for isolating & speciation of Enterococcus. As per CLSI guidelines antibiotic susceptibility testing was done.Out of 42 isolates majority were isolated from urine (59.52%) followed by pus (26.19%), blood (9.52%) and sterile body fluids (4.77%).were (88.1%) andwere (11.9%). Among gender distribution, majority (54.77%) were females and (45.23%) were males. All the isolates were susceptible to Linezolid. Maximum resistance was seen against Penicillin and Tetracycline. The appropriate infection control measures, use of antibiotics prescribed based on sensitivity obtained and avoid the empiric use of antimicrobials by clinicians can prevent the burden of drug resistance in

Introduction: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae cause a wide range of infections. Multidrug-resistance strains carrying resistance genes have become a growing problem worldwide. The ESBLs have emerged distinctly, especially in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Material and Methods: 250 non repetitive isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were isolated from different clinical samples (pus, urine, sputum, blood) for the study. Each isolate was tested for production of ESBL by CLSI recommended PCT and compared with Modified CLSI Method for ESBL detection. Results: 133 E. coli and 117 K. pneumoniae were isolated where 65.2% of ESBL were detected. With modified CLSI method, overall rate of ESBL positivity increased from 65.2% to 74.4%.of E. coli and 74.3% of K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBL producers by modified CSLI Method. Conclusion:All the clinical samples growing gram negative bacteria should be tested for ESBL, production. Considering the grave scenario of antibiotic resistance in our country, it is high time that all clinical laboratories start detecting these enzymes routinely and accurately.

Infection control by environmental monitoring plays a significant role in reducing the morbidity and mortality of patients who are victims of hospital associated infections. Many developing countries have reported high postoperative infection rate in their hospital, so regular monitoring of pathogens in the air sample is one of the preventive measure for post-operative infections. This study was carried out with an interest to look for the organisms and the frequency of isolation in air sample and surface swabs before and after fumigation.Study was conducted over a period of 12 months from August 2018 to August 2019. Total of 6 OT, two staff room, one washing room were included for settle plate and surface swab method of monitoring for air contaminants and pathogens.Total of 252 settle plate samples were collected over a period of 12 months before and after fumigation, bacillus was major (59%) contaminant followed by pathogens like (14%), CONS (10%), (7%), (5%), (3%) and (2%). Surface swab method- Fungus isolated from AC filter were (78%), (14%), (6%), (2%). Swabs collected from OTs were tested for growth of . Growth was observed in the month of October, February and May. Advised fumigation and through cleaning of OTs with high level disinfectant whenever grown was observed before and after fumigation, results found to be satisfactory and advised to continue with procedures when growth found <10 colonies on settle plate and no growth of CT in RCMB.Regular monitoring of pathogens in the air is one of the preventive measures for post-operative infection. Settle plate method and surface swab method is useful for observing the aerobic and anaerobic growth in operation theaters.