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The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of stored potatoes and potato crop. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from animals, plants, and bacteria. Botanicals are especially efficient in the form of antifeedant, repellent, protectants, and growth-disrupting hormones. They are also sources of secondary metabolites that are safer than synthetic insecticides. Present research was conducted to evaluate some botanical extracts as natural local alternatives against PTM under storage conditions. Twelve different 80% ethanolic plant extracts were tested on PTM during storage condition (30 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH) at a light regime of the day 10-h light and 14-h dark. Biological parameters of the pest, evidence of the potato tubers damage, and continuation of protection to the tubers were recorded. Extracts of mint, zygophyllum, coriander, arnoglosse, harmel, and solanum indicated a total inhibition of egg deposition at 2.5% concentration; also, they provided high protections to the potato tubers from the PTM infestation for about 3 months and without observations’ effect on tubers germination. Senna, colocynth, and basil reduced the number of deposited egg/female. Jasmine, geranium, and chamomile recorded a low potential on egg deposition. Basil showed the highest potency in decreasing development of larvae that hatched from eggs, therefore, reduced the number of next adult offspring (F1) and followed by jasmine and geranium. Variable levels of extracts’ protection can be arranged according to their damage evidence as follows: basil > colocynth > jasmine > geranium > senna > chamomile.

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Background: The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important pest. It attacks several cultivated solanaceous plants including potato (Solanum tubersum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), eggplant (Solanum melonguene), tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum), and bell pepper (Capasicum annuum). It has also been reported to be found on several wild plant hosts of the following genera: Solanum, Datura, Nicotiana, Fabina, Hyoscyamus, Physalodes, Lycium, and Nicandra. All over the world, it is the most important insect pest in potato field and storage under subtropical warms and dry summer conditions. The larvae attack both foliage and tubers in the field and infested tubers brought into heaps. Aim of work: This research focuses on (a) the compatibility of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel-2X DF) and granulosis virus (GV virus) with plant basil extract (Ocimum basilicum), an aromatic plant, as a component of integrated pest management system against the potato tuber moth during storage and (b) histopathological changes detected in the endocrine system by a transmission electron microscope. Methods: 1. Insect culture rearing A stock laboratory colony of PTM was initiated on potato tubers. The culture was maintained following the method of Sharaby and Fallatah (Bull NRC Egypt 43: 79-85, 2019). The culture and all experiments were maintained under room conditions of 27 ± 2°C and 70 ± 5% RH with a light regime (10:14 L:D). New clean potato tubers were added every 10 days for egg deposition and to keep a continuous culture. 2. Basil plant extract All parts of the basil plant (Ocimum basilicum) which was obtained from fields in June after 3 months of plantation were dried in a shad place then minced into fine powder in an electric mill. The weight of the plant powder (500 g) was filled into the Soxhlet apparatus and extracted with ethanol (85%) that was used as a solvent. 3. Biological aspects of plant basil extract and the microbial insecticides (Dipel-2X DF (32,000 international units of potency/mg (equivalent to 32 billion international units of potency/KG Registration NO. 26508) and

Purpose: Corporate Performance Evaluation Program (PROPER) has some objectives such as curbing carbon emissions. This program evaluates and assigns ratings to the companies' performance in managing environment. This study aims to (1) examine the effects of environmental performance (PROPER rating) on Carbon Emissions Disclosure (CED); and (2) identify the determinants of PROPER rating. Results: Reckoning with carbon emissions checklist from Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), data are gathered from 144 firms. The average of CED among Indonesian manufacturing companies is still relatively low (24%). Path analysis shows that CED is influenced by PROPER rating and Board Size, but not by Leverage and Profitability. Conclusion: Board Size and Profitability are important determinants of PROPER rating, but Leverage and Company Size are not. PROPER is considered effective to improve companies' transparency in managing carbon emissions among Indonesian manufacturing companies.