The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that to maintain health, adults should engage in 150 min of moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the lowest MVPA dose possible to maintain functional fitness. Functional fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test in 101 women (75.0 ± 7.2 years) from two Midwestern communities. Accelerometer determined daily activity level was assessed for 7 days as participants went about their normal daily activities. MVPA was determined via proprietary filtering, and time spent in this intensity was calculated. A 5-day average of time spent in MVPA was organized into four groups. ANOVAs revealed significant differences between activity groups on all functional fitness measures except back scratch and sit and reach. Results indicate that to maintain lower body function in older women, a threshold of 20 min/day of MVPA for 5 days is needed.

Research has highlighted the role of working memory and inhibition on the performance of pupils in mathematics. This study was an attempt to look into the relationship between executive function including working memory capacity and inhibition on the one hand and mathematical abilities on the other. 30 primary school students were selected from among the 4th graders, forming two groups of students with high achievement in mathematics (strong) and those with low achievement in mathematics (poor) with the closes possible reading ability and IQ. The two groups were compared with regards to working memory, which was measured via Wechsler intelligence test, and inhibition, which was measured using the Stroop test. The data collected for these measures were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the T test showed that the poor group performance on inhibition and working memory was significantly lower than strong group. The findings indicate the importance of these actions (inhibition and working memory) on math performance of students.

Background: Upper extremity is the most common part of the body, which is exposed to injuries with physical, mental, social and economic consequences. Objectives: This research studied the prevalence and types of personality disorders in patients with upper extremity trauma at Hazrat Fatima hospital. Methods: This research studied all patients with upper extremity trauma in a three-month period hospitalized at Hazrat Fatemeh. The Millon Test was filled by all candidates with a clinical psychologist and psychometric supervision. Results were analyzed statistically. Results: This study included 202 male participants with age range of 14 to 70 years old, amongst whom 41.4% had personality disorders. The prevalence of personality disorder in violence and self-injury groups was 72.7% and 39.3% in the group of industrial accidents, which proved a significant difference (P = 0.003). Avoidant personality disorders (P = 001), narcissistic (P = 0.003), antisocial (P = 0.002), borderline (P = 0.001) passive aggressive (P = 0.002) were significantly more common in violence and self-injury group. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the prevalence of personality disorder in patients with upper extremity injuries is more than the society. Due to the high rate of personality disorder in hand trauma victims, we recommended routine psychological evaluation of these patients.

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