There are many benefits for using rice straw as organic mulching as sustainable materials for saving irrigation water under sandy and drought conditions. This study investigated the effect of rice straw organic mulching on the water stress, soil salt accumulation, Microorganism activity, yield and water productivity of potato, sweet paper and cucumber crops under sandy soils conditions during 2019 and 2020 seasons in the research farm station of National Research Centre at Al-Nubariya Region, Al-Buhayrah Governorate, Egypt. There was a positive effect on the yield and water productivity by using the organic mulching by rice straw as sustainable mulch instead of plastic mulch. The rate of increase in yield of potato, sweet paper and cucumber were summarized where the highest rates of increase in productivity for all crops that were planted were achieved with the organic coverage of rice straw, with the largest amount of straw for the seasons 2019 and 2020 compared to no mulch and also compared to black plastic mulch where, the rate of increase in yield of potato were 23.4% , 30.21% and for sweet paper were 32.85% , 36.21% and for cucumber were 23.94% , 27.78% in seasons 2019 and 2020 respectively.

limate's change is one of the most important threats facing the world. That is because it causes a high ambient temperature. (UNEP, 2010). According to the report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 2015), the period 2011-2015 recorded the highest temperatures and was affected by Climate's change. Agriculture sector is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. A majority of works in agriculture are still performed outdoors under several weather conditions. High temperature, intensive insolation and elevated air humidity providing a dangerous work conditions. These weather conditions can lead to overheating (heat stress) and dehydration of the agricultural field workers. An index assessing heat stress in human beings, namely: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) was used in this study. This study presents the effect of heat stress from the point of view of agricultural field worker occupational health safety. Comparison of the three agricultural working conditions reveals significantly more severe heat stress in wheat threshing, rice transplanting and cotton harvesting, in terms of both the frequency of heat-stress episodes and the number of hours associated with heat stress. The WBGT maximum values during the time from 11 am up to 4 pm for wheat threshing, rice transplanting and cotton harvesting operations were 34.2 o C at 2 pm, 31.6 o C at 1 pm and 30.8 o C at 1:30 pm respectively. While the WBGT minimum values were 31.7 o C at 4 pm, 28.4 o C at 11 am, and 28.5 o C at 4 pm respectively. The three presented work conditions are affirmed that a dangerous situation for agriculture field workers is stand. The values of the environmental parameters and its relation with heat stress during the day work hours under the previous field operations cleared that the heat stress has direct proportion with humidex and reversible proportion with air velocity and relative humidity. The agriculture field workers have exposure to hazard levels of heat stress resulting in high levels of body temperature. It is recommended to establish a sunshade for wheat thresher to provide a shade working area.

Two field experiments were carried out during growing seasons 2011 and 2012. It was executed in research farm of National Research Center in Nubaryia region, Egypt to study the effect of irrigation systems, fertigation rates by using the wastewater of fish farms "WWFF" in irrigation of potato. Study factors were irrigation systems (sprinkler irrigation system "SIS" and trickle irrigation system "TIS"), water quality (traditional irrigation water "TIW" and WWFF) and fertigation rates "FR" (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% NPK). The following parameters were studied to evaluate the effect of study factors: 1) Calculating the total amount of WWFF per season; 2) Chemical and biological description of WWFF; 3) Clogging ratio of emitters; 4) Yield of potato; 5) Irrigation water use efficiency of potato "IWUEpotato". Statistical analysis indicated that, maximum values were obtained of yield under SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF, also, there were no significant differences for yield values under the following conditions: SIS × FR100% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR80% NPK × WWFF > SIS × FR60% NPK × WWFF > TIS × FR100% NPK × TIW. This means that, using WWFF in the irrigation can save at least 40% from mineral fertilizers and 100% from irrigation water under sprinkler irrigation system.

Experiments were carried out for briquetting some medicinal and aromatic crops in a form of tablets instead of traditional methods. Some research has shown the risk of paper bags that contain chemicals and plastic fibers, which leads to harmful impact on human health. Dried chamomile disc flowers, chamomile ray flowers petals, and local mint leaves were indentified without any strange binder. A specified percentage of moisture content was added to the materials in a homogenizer to use the natural plants colloidal material to briquette the particles. Pre-determined amount of water was added to approach moisture content levels from 40% to 55% by increment of 5%db under compression force of 450, 500, 550, and600N. Three indicators were measured to evaluate the briquetted tablets quality included penetration resistance (N), final briquettes mass (g), and durability (%).The best quality for chamomile disc flower briquettes, chamomile ray flowers petals, mint leaves were found under (compression force 550N, and moisture content of 50 %db, 50%db, 45%db respectively), whereas, bulk density was 0.6g/cm 3 , 0.7g/cm 3 , 0.6g/cm 3 respectively. Meanwhile ,briquette tablet mass, penetration resistance, and durability without backing were (1.5g, 98N, and 52%) respectively for chamomile disc flowers, (1.5g, 114N ,and 60%) respectively for chamomile ray flowers petals and (1.62g, 100N, and 52% ) respectively for mint leaves . In general, the examined method has succeeded to briquetting some medicinal and aromatic crops in the form of tablets as a final product by cold press without adding binder.