Background:According to investigations, pregnant women hypothesized that anxiety is a common factor that will improve spontaneously; they are not aware of its side effects on the fetus, baby, and pregnancy outcome, as a whole. Other studies have also not tried to design a theoretical framework based on Health Education Models (HBMs) to overcome this problem. The current study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of education on the anxiety of nulliparous women based on a HBM.Materials and Methods:An experimental study on 88 eligible nulliparous women (n = 44 per group), from Doroud city, was performed in 2012. The data was collected using a researcher made questionnaire. Education was conducted in three sessions tailored with HBM constructs with the help of lectures, group discussions, inquiries, Power Point presentations, and booklets. Evaluation performed using a posttest four and eight weeks after last session. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests, including Chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by the significance level of 0.05.Results:The mean score of knowledge, perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived benefits and barriers, cues to action, self efficacy, and behavior, four weeks after intervention (P < 0.001) and eight weeks after intervention (P < 0.001) were significantly more in the case group Than the control group. ANOVA with repeated measures showed a significant increase in the case group in knowledge (from 32.1 to 89.1), perceived sensitivity (from 34.8 to 91.5), perceived severity (from 31.82 to 88.48), perceived benefits (from 39.28 to 92.41), perceived barriers (from 26.93 to 88.61), cues to action (from24.65 to 92.03), self efficacy (from 29.71 to 88.75), and behavior (from 28.83 to 94.63). Changes were not significant in the control group.Conclusion:The effect of HBM and education on increasing knowledge and changing people's beliefs and behavior, in terms of anxiety based pregnancy, should make health planners and authorities pay more attention to these issues. Moreover, it will help in the betterment of the health of mothers and babies.

Investigating health literacy Level of patients referred ... [31] The relationship between health literacy and general health ... [32] When language, health literacy, and miscommunication ... [33] Health literacy and ophthalmic patient ... [34] Health literacy, health status, and healthcare utilization ... [35] The association between health literacy and health status ... Aims Elderly people with low levels of health literacy, as one of the most at-risk groups, have some problems regarding the perception of information related to their health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining health literacy status in elderly population of Dorood, Iran. Materials & Methods This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 elderly people referring to health centers in Dorood in 2017. The sampling method was first stratified random sampling. To collect information, the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) was used as self-report. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings The mean age of participants in this study was 66.29 ± 7.57 years. The results of this study showed that the mean of health literacy score in the subjects was56.45± 19.9 from 100 and the health literacy of 57.2% of the elderly was insufficient. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between health literacy with age, education level and income (p<0.05). Conclusion The health literacy of elderlies is low in Dorood and the level of inadequate health literacy is less common in people with older ages, lower education, and lower income levels.

Background The present study was conducted to design and evaluate the software and web-based curriculum based on Pender Model in order to promote students’ physical activity. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study conducted on 225 eligible students who were randomly divided into two groups of web and software-based intervention and control. The sample size of the study was selected using stratified sampling method. The evaluation was done with pre-test and post-test and follow-up, which were performed immediately two and six months following the intervention. The data were analyzed employing statistical software SPSS using descriptive statistics, chi-square, one way ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results The obtained results revealed that the level of physical activity after the intervention in the web and software groups significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the mean score of Pender model constructs, immediately two and six months after the intervention, was significantly different in the web and software groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results indicated that, providing tailored message based on health promotion model’s constructs has a positive effect on promoting physical activity of students. Trial registration Name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Registration number: IRCT20181009041298N1. Registration date: 2018–12-02 [retrospectively registered].

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Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the software and web-based curriculum based on Pender Model to promote students' physical activity.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 225 eligible students who were randomly divided into 2 groups of Web and software-based intervention and control. The sample size of the study was selected from the students using stratified sampling method. Evaluation was done by pre-test and post-test and follow-up was performed immediately, 2 and 6 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS using descriptive statistics, chi-square, one way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA.Results: The study results showed that the level of physical activity after the intervention in the web and software groups was significantly increased compared to the control group (p <0.001). Also, the mean score of Pender model constructs, immediately, 2 and 6 months after the intervention was significantly different in the web and software groups (p <0.001). Conclusion: It seems that designing and implementing educational program based on Pender model and its presentation in the form of educational software and web has a positive effect on promoting physical activity of students.