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Membrane reactors combining reaction and membrane separation provide numerous advantages over conventional reactors, including retaining expensive catalysts, in situ purification, enhancing reaction rate, and reducing postprocessing of the reaction (by) products. In this article, two different ways were used to classify the various types of membrane reactors. One is based on whether the membrane is catalytic or noncatalytic, selective or nonselective, and whether or not a packed bed or a fluidized bed of catalysts is being used. The second classification is based on the membrane role: the extractor‐type, the distributor‐type, and the contactor‐type membrane reactors. This article presents the key features of these three types of reactors and the various classes of reactions these reactors have been applied, with emphasis on conventional (i.e., nonbiochemical) reaction systems.

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