Currently, existing technologies of energy generation based on fossil fuels and production processes of crude oil usually accompanied by flaring of gases resulted in excessive CO2 emissions. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) national oil consumption is increasing by 7% annually. If this growth rate continues, local demands will be doubled in a decade. This study has covered various renewable energy solutions such as solar thermal hybrid solutions, photovoltaic cells/arrays, and wind turbines. A selection of possible applications of sustainable buildings, wind farming, solar energy, and their futures are discussed. From the crisis viewpoint of energy and environment safety, architectural trends have shifted toward sustainability demands. Energy and ecology were impetus to improve the residents' life quality and health standards. The climate/building correlation has been established to observe the response between both of them. Five distinguished coastal locations in KSA have given the consideration for wind farms, where meteorological data have been recorded since 1970. In contrast to the hot and irksome weather, water misting systems are elaborated to settle a soothing atmosphere. The results are noticed for evaporation and robbing the excessive heat. It is known that health is dependent on clean and unpolluted air, and the pollution has a threat for public health everywhere. So, an induction of renewable energy future has been considered. Gas turbine technology is also discussed as it accounts for about half of the overall capability of the KSA's power generation. Temperature, humidity, and pressure conditions have been accounted as important factors that affect gas turbine performance to produce electricity. An outlook of domestic energy cost is also reviewed. Furthermore, this study has focused on the necessity of maintaining a green and clean environment as well as a climate of lowest dust content. “Reference prices” concept has been clearly comprehended and understood. The contradiction of real opportunities and marginal costs has been explained. An important issue regarding depletion of resources that are depleted exhaustible has been studied. This issue has been tackled and being showed from the starting point. Alternative solutions to provide new energy sources are assumed.

Biomimicry or learning from nature in architecture is a method that aims to develop a sustainable design solution for modern world challenges by mimicking models, systems, and elements of nature. However, developing biomimetic solutions is not a problem-free approach due to the fact that both, biology and architecture are different. Therefore, the vernacular architecture being the human form of natural construction can be used to help bridge the gap between nature and architecture. There are certain potentials and limitations of using both, biomimicry and vernacular architecture in modern day architecture. However, several methods and the process can be used to develop solutions for these issues. A fusion between both approaches in the form of “Vernomimicry” be used to apply nature based and nature like solutions in architecture successfully.

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The research reviews the environmental and cultural sustainability of the architectural elements of two mosques in the historical area of Jeddah, Al-Shafi’i Mosque and Al-Mimar Mosque. Through the research methodology, the environmental and cultural sustainability of the two mosques in the historical Jeddah area were compared, as how they were treated and reused in different ways and the architectural elements were analyzed. The results of the research indicate that sustainability. The environment is rebuilding some walls, reducing waste by using existing walls, not using new materials as much as possible, and reducing the entry of solar radiation into the building through wooden windows (Roshan). As for cultural sustainability, it is through contributing to a pioneering project that achieves the rehabilitation of the mosque to increase the number of worshipers and its use by visitors and residents of the city of Jeddah to be a distinguished center for reviving the meetings of the people of old Jeddah and enriching the social environment. As for economic sustainability, it is through the financial return of commercial activities around the mosque, the creation of job opportunities for Saudi youth, and the work of a distinguished pioneering project to encourage government agencies and real estate owners in the historical area of Jeddah, to carry out similar projects that support the development and economic sustainability, and achieve the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030, as the most important recommendation for research.

This paper explores the potential of forced convection cooling in a ducted photovoltaic façade unit. Where a photovoltaic panel is backed by a 5 cm thick insulated duct at a depth of 50 cm. The potential of heat removal from the photovoltaic unit due to forced convection is investigated with a range of fan speeds from 1 m/s to 6 m/s. It is found that the ΔT between the inlet and outlet of the duct ranged from 2.6–24.6 °C. A fan speed of 4 m/s yielded the highest cooling potential by removing 550 W with a cooling efficiency of 51%. Whereas a fan speed of 6 m/s yielded the lowest mean PV cell temperature of 62.7 °C. This would improve the cell’s efficiency by 17.53%. This very experimental setup has been tested previously with natural convection cooling, which removed 529 W with a maximum efficiency of 48.98% This improves PV panel efficiency by 12.69%. The addition of heat removed and power recovered by the ducted system was 68.53% of the former (i.e., forced convection), while it was 61.67% for the latter. A 12 V DC fan with a variable speed electric circuit powered by a fraction of the PV generated power (i.e., 0.75 W) yielded better cooling that translated into nearly 19 W of further energy generation.