Background11q13 region is a frequently amplified locus in human malignancies. Among the genes located in this region, FADD is one of the alleged driving genes. Because amplification is not generally confined to a single gene and amplified genes may not show increased expression, we need to evaluate clinical significance of changes occurring in 11q13 region to understand their roles in carcinogenesis. Therefore, we screened expressions of FADD and closely located genes (PPFIA1 and TMEM16A) and evaluated the expressions to find clinical significance in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.MethodsNinety-eight cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were collected. Using archival tissues resected from the cases, we built a tissue microarray and used it in immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the association of FADD, PPFIA1, and TMEM16A expression scores with clinicopathological parameters, including disease-free survival.ResultsFADD expression was associated with T stage (P = 0.046). The combined score of FADD, PPFIA1, and TMEM16A gene expressions was associated with perineural invasion (P = 0.022). Although individual gene expressions of TMEM16A, FADD, and PPFIA1 failed to show significant association with disease-free survival, combined gene expression scores did show association with disease-free survival (P = 0.034).ConclusionsFADD, TMEM16A, and PPFIA1 gene expressions as a whole were associated with disease-free survival in breast cancer.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between oral health literacy and selected sociodemographic factors and frequency of dental clinic visits in early adolescents. Methodology: A cross sectional study has been conducted for the duration of six Months from April 2021 to September 2021. Students attending four universities of Lahore were selected as a target population for the study. Two universities were selected from government sector i.e. Forman Christian college (FC) and Punjab university (PU). Two universities were chosen from private sector i.e. Superior University and University of Lahore (UoL) for this purpose. A total of 400 students belonging to different departments participated in the study that were clinically examined and interviewed. The students belonged to the different departments of the under- survey universities. To measure oral health literacy REALD-30 was used as a tool. The validity of the tool is checked by Cronbach’s alpha (0.89). The variables were investigated using validated questionnaires: oral health literary (REALD-30), sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of dental visits. Result: The results summed up that REALD-30 score came out differently for those who visit dental clinics regularly (p-value 0.029) and those who don’t which show that the dentist visits have a significant effect on REALD-30 score. The department factor has a significant effect on REALD-30 score, as the department of students varies, the REALD-30 score differs. The F- statistics and the p-value are calculated and their significance is checked, that F=5.357 and the p-value is (.000<0.05), that strongly support that the department factor has a significant effect on the REALD-30 score. Gender discrimination and age variation did not show any effects on REALD-30 score (p-value 0.1) Keywords: Dental Health, Oral Health Literacy, Public Health, Early adolescence

When health is concerned, we must pay attention to all the parts of human body specially the oral cavity. Oral cavity is the gateway of many diseases in human body. There are many reasons for this spread, one of the reason is food. In this regard, the health care of oral cavity is the most essential constituent of general health and wellbeing of any individual. Low health literacy is the cause of all oral health related issues. Health education creates awareness among people that for a better life style it is equally important to seek and get proper health care as obtaining of other necessities of life. The grave consequences of low health literacy have been reviewed many times. This study was conducted on the young adults of Pakistan currently enrolled at different universities and colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to know about the oral health literacy level of the participants and then find out its relationship with their oral health status which was find out after clinical examination. The purpose of the study was to get an idea about the health outcome of the most efficient group of population. Sample for this study will be collected in 2 steps. Step 1 was conducted by doing the clinical examination of the participants in order to assess oral health index. Step 2 was conducted by doing the short interviews of each participant in order to assess oral health literacy of the participants. All the data was complied. The results of REALD 30 word list from all 400 participants were analyzed and the average score was calculated. The average score came out to be 22.46. With this study, it was proved that education plays a significant role in improving oral health status. Further studies can be conducted to help spreading awareness and basic education related programs for uneducated people.