There are numerous developmental pulmonary venous anomalies. Although these conditions have traditionally been evaluated with echocardiography and angiography, they can be accurately diagnosed using both MRI and MDCT.

Imaging-guided core biopsy of pelvic masses is accurate and safe. The accuracy and sensitivity of biopsy under sonographic guidance are higher than those of CT-guided biopsy, although the difference is not statistically significant.

Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax is a common pediatric chest radiographic finding that may also be seen at computed tomography. It may result from congenital or acquired conditions involving the pulmonary parenchyma, airway, pulmonary vasculature, pleural space, and chest wall, as well as from technical factors such as patient rotation. Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax has a broad differential diagnosis that includes unilateral emphysematous or bullous disease, pneumatocele, foreign body aspiration, Swyer-James syndrome, congenital lobar emphysema, endobronchial mass, unilateral pulmonary agenesis, proximal interruption of the pulmonary artery, scimitar syndrome, diaphragmatic hernia, and Poland syndrome. Although certain causes of unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax are clinically significant and potentially life threatening, others are of minimal or no clinical significance. When evaluating a patient with this finding, it is important to establish whether the apparent unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax is truly too lucent (hypoattenuating) or if the contralateral hemithorax is too opaque (hyperattenuating). It is imperative that radiologists be aware of the various causes of unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax so that they may diagnose the underlying condition and appropriately guide patient management.

IAA is a rare congenital vascular anomaly. Although this entity has been evaluated traditionally with echocardiography and angiography, MRI can accurately diagnose and characterize the various forms of IAA and associated congenital heart defects. MRI can also be used to evaluate for postoperative complications after repair.