Computational modelling of damage and rupture of non-connective and connective soft tissues due to pathological and supra-physiological mechanisms is vital in the fundamental understanding of failures. Recent advancements in soft tissue damage models play an essential role in developing artificial tissues, medical devices/implants, and surgical intervention practices. The current article reviews the recently developed damage models and rupture models that considered the microstructure of the tissues. Earlier review works presented damage and rupture separately, wherein this work reviews both damage and rupture in soft tissues. Wherein the present article provides a detailed review of various models on the damage evolution and tear in soft tissues focusing on key conceptual ideas, advantages, limitations, and challenges. Some key challenges of damage and rupture models are outlined in the article, which helps extend the present damage and rupture models to various soft tissues.

Purpose We developed a clip‐on light tracker (MyLyt) for estimating light exposure in real time. This study aimed at validating and investigating the feasibility of using MyLyt in children and adults. Method The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved validation against a factory‐calibrated digital lux meter in three separate conditions: controlled environmental set‐up, outdoors and indoors where intra‐test (two measurements by the same tracker), inter‐test (measurements among trackers) and inter‐device (MyLyt tracker and lux meter) validations were conducted. Phase 2 involved a feasibility study where MyLyt was used in a real‐world setting by 21 adults and 8 children. Participants were asked to log their real‐time movements in an ‘activity diary’, which were correlated with the lux levels measured by the tracker. Results A strong positive correlation and non‐significant difference in the recorded mean illuminance levels were observed during intra‐test (inter‐class correlation: 1.00, p = 0.99), inter‐test (0.91–1.00, p > 0.15) and inter‐device (0.91–1.00, p > 0.56) validation in all three testing conditions (p > 0.49), except the indoor location. While the lux level measured by MyLyt was significantly higher than that of the lux meter (p < 0.01) in the indoor locations, differences were minimal and clinically insignificant. A Bland–Altman plot showed a minimal mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between the MyLyt tracker and lux meter in all three conditions (controlled environmental set‐up: 641 [−949, 2230], outdoor: 74 [−2772, 2920] and indoor: −35 [−151, 80] lux). Phase 2 validation showed an expected illuminance level against the corresponding location with high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (99%) to accurately differentiate between outdoor and indoor locations. Conclusion The MyLyt tracker showed good repeatability, strong correlation and comparable values with the lux meter in the three tested conditions, making it suitable for tracking light exposure patterns for both research and clinical purposes.

PurposeTo investigate the mechanism of action and consistency in flow characteristics of the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) under simulated physiological conditions in-vitro and to evaluate whether resistance during priming has any effect on performance of the device.MethodsEach newly opened AGV device was connected to a digital manometer and was primed with normal saline. The device was then placed in a saline bath and connected to an open manometer, a digital manometer, and an infusion pump. Saline was infused at a rate of 3 μL/min for 24 hours. Digital manometer readings were recorded at 4 Hz.ResultsData obtained from 9 devices are presented as medians (ranges). The priming pressure was 1130 (835, 1625) mm Hg. Pressure versus time curves showed two distinct phases; transient and steady phases. The transient phase peak pressure was 24 (13, 45) mm Hg. In the steady phase, opening and closing pressures were 13 (10, 17) and 7 (4, 9) mm Hg, respectively; the valve leaflets briefly opened every 73.9 (51, 76.6) minutes and the fluctuation of pressure (difference between opening and closing pressures) was 6 (3, 9) mm Hg. The Spearman correlation coefficient between priming and opening and priming and closing pressure was ρ = −0.13 (P = 0.72) and ρ = −0.36 (P = 0.33), respectively.ConclusionsThe device showed functionality like a valve. The resistance during priming did not affect opening and closing pressures of the AGV. This study showed variable in vitro performance of the AGV.Translational RelevanceThese laboratory findings might, at least partly, explain the variability in the clinical outcome of the device.