The objective of this article is to review the existing literature on postoperative recurrence of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO). We performed a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies investigating recurrence after operative management of ASBO. Our search yielded one RCT, one prospective study, and eight retrospective studies, totaling 36,178 patients. We used Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the risk of bias in the reviewed studies (RCTs and observational studies, respectively). Operative management was associated with a lower risk of recurrence than conservative management, while the difference in recurrence between laparoscopic and open surgery was inconclusive. Diffuse adhesions were associated with a greater risk of recurrence than single band adhesions. We conclude that the "common knowledge" that surgery increases the risk for recurrence of ASBO is outdated and should no longer be applied when determining treatment modalities for ASBO. While conservative treatment still has its place, we need not fear the possibility of shifting patients to operative management earlier.

The primary goal is to identify the pathogenesis of cardiovascular illnesses in obese patients. Articles were extracted using the MeSH search approach from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used, and duplicates were eliminated. Eight publications were finally included in this research study after two authors independently completed the quality check appraisal. Seven observational studies and one narrative review were found in our search. The publications evaluated the risk of coronary artery disease in metabolically healthy obese people with that of unhealthy obese adults and evaluated the effects of adipose tissue-mediated inflammation. Additionally, they offered several explanations for the obesity problem. Studies have indicated that adipocytokines and their pro-inflammatory cytokines have significantly affected the development of cardiovascular disease in obese subjects. The relationship between metabolically unhealthy people with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. It has also been shown that metabolically healthy obese persons are still at risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD), as explained in certain studies in which inflammation plays a vital role in obese people. There hasn't been much data on the advantages of being physically active in overweight people, but obese people have to change their lifestyle as a first measure.

The main purpose of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize evidence about pulmonary complications following stem cell transplantation to raise awareness among physicians since it is a lesser-known topic. Studies that included targeted pulmonary complications that occurred after stem cell transplantation; in humans; and were randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case studies between January 2011 and 2021. Fifteen intervention features were identified and analyzed in terms of their association with successful or unsuccessful interventions. Fifteen of 15 studies that met inclusion criteria had positive results. Features that appeared to have the most consistent positive effects included relevant information consisting of clinical presentations and management of complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic method that has been introduced for various hematological diseases. Its main objective is to restore the hematopoietic function that has been eradicated or affected. The stem cell transplantation requires a period of administration of chemotherapeutic agents that may lead to infectious and/or non-infectious pulmonary complications that require follow-up. Noninfectious pulmonary complications include bronchiolitis obliterans, alveolar hemorrhage, fibroelastosis, pulmonary hypertension, and infections. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is an obstructive lung disease that affects the small airways, reducing lung function, and it’s the most frequent late-onset complication. Furthermore, diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is a fatal adverse effect and the most common noninfectious pulmonary complication of acute leukemia, observed within the first weeks after the procedure. Pulmonary hypertension has multiple etiologies, mainly related to the pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. It carries a poor prognosis, with a 55% mortality rate. The area of hematology is very wide and prone to new development of treatments and procedures that could be available for new emerging diseases and improving survival rates.

Despite the existence of effective medicines, heart failure continues to be the largest cause of illness and death worldwide. As a prospective family of drugs with potential cardiovascular advantages in non-diabetic patients, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I) have recently come to the forefront. In this comprehensive study, we assessed the favorable cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2-I in three sizable, randomized trials with both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. The results from these studies revealed a substantial reduction in heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular and all-cause deaths. To further support our assertion that SGLT2-I has the potential to be a novel addition to the standard treatment plan for heart failure, we also tried to assemble several post hoc and prespecified studies of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) study. The details of two clinical investigations that supported their use in acute decompensated heart failure were also examined, along with the most plausible mechanism of action generating their cardioprotective effects. Additionally, positive cardiovascular advantages were addressed in chronic heart failure with both preserved and reduced ejection fractions. The role of SGLT2-I in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients is currently being studied, and this research has the potential to be revolutionary. The purpose of this systematic review is to compile all information that supports the use of this life-saving drug in patients who do not have diabetes so that cardiac care can be improved globally.

Fracture nonunion remains a great challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Some bone fractures don't heal promptly, resulting in delayed unions and nonunions, and there is a need for an additional surgical procedure. Previous research has shown that teriparatide, a type of synthetic parathyroid hormone, can promote the formation of callus and lead to healing in individuals with delayed or non-healing bone fractures. Limited systematic reviews exist that examine the use of teriparatide in cases of delayed healing or non-healing bone fractures, which have their limitations. In this review, we overcome those limitations by including prospective studies, retrospective studies, case reports, and case series together.A systematic search of the literature was conducted in both PubMed and Google Scholar up to September of the year 2022. The studies included in our research included adult patients (over the age of 16) diagnosed with delayed union or nonunion of any bone in the body (flat bone, long bone, short bone, or irregular bone). The studies were limited to those written in English. The outcomes that were tracked and recorded include the healing of the fracture and any negative side effects or adverse events.The initial search yielded 504 abstracts and titles. After reviewing these, 32 articles were selected for further analysis, which included 19 case reports, five case series, two retrospective studies, and six prospective studies. Studies included daily (20 micrograms) or weekly (56.5 micrograms) subcutaneous administration of teriparatide. The duration of follow-up for these studies varied from three to 24 months.Based on the available research, it appears that administering teriparatide subcutaneously is a safe treatment option for delayed healing and non-healing bone fractures, with very few to no reported negative side effects. Using teriparatide for induction of callus formation and treating delayed and nonunions is highly safe and effective.