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These small-diameter pulps were compared with commercially obtained sawmill residue chips of a Douglasfir/western larch mixture and lodgepole pine. These pulps were also evaluated to see if CTMP improved the properties of the final product compared with products made using TMP. Compared with the controls, the CTMP prepared from Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine small trees and Douglas-fir submerchantable logs consumed more electrical energy during pulp preparation and had higher paper strength properties and lower optical properties. Also compared with the controls, lodgepole pine submerchantable logs consumed about the same electrical energy and had marginal strength properties and higher optical properties. Western larch submerchantable logs and small trees had the lowest electrical energy consumption of all pulps tested, low strength properties, but some of the higher optical properties. Western larch submerchantable logs and small trees appear to be unsuitable for CTMP. For the majority of the materials, CTMP improved the properties of the final product compared with corresponding TMP. To restore and maintain forest ecosystem health and function in the western interior of the United States, many smalldiameter stems need to be removed from densely stocked stands. In general, these materials are underutilized. Information on the properties of these resources is needed to help forest managers understand when timber sales are a viable option to accomplish ecosystem management objectives. Providing proof that this small-diameter material yields quality pulp would help increase its value and therefore help remove it from the forest. This study examines the acceptability of the small-diameter resource as a raw material for high-yield chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP), which has the potential for improved fiber characteristics and paper strength compared with those of thermomechanical pulping (TMP). Pulps using CTMP were prepared from lodgepole pine and mixed Douglasfir/western larch sawmill residue chips; lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch submerchantable logs; and lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch small trees.

Production logging in horizontal wells has been challenging due to phase stratification and complex flow regimes. New technologies were introduced to properly characterize such flow dynamics; however, adding a new complex completion strategy, such as a slotted liner, raises the challenge to a new level. When a slotted liner is not equipped with a hanger, two flow paths become possible—one inside the slotted liner and the other outside it—with possible fluid exchange between the two paths. Production logging tools can only see the inner flow. The lack of information about the outer flow raises uncertainties about the real producing zone(s) and may affect the success of future well intervention operations. We describe a new methodology that combines multiphase production logging measurements with distributed temperature survey data. Both sets of data were acquired simultaneously during conveyance of the production logging tool on coiled tubing. The production logging data offers insights into phase distribution and enables production profiling inside the slotted liner; distributed temperature data solves for total formation production. Combining the two interpretations enables quantification of flow in each of the two paths and helps identify the fluid exchange between them, which would otherwise be misinterpreted as fluid entry from the formation. The result of this integrated interpretation methodology is accurate determination of zonal contributions.

Organic sticky contaminants represent one of the biggest technical challenges in the paper recycling process. These contaminants reduce paper strength, cause plugging of wires and felts, and stick to or deposit on machine parts affecting the runnability of the paper machine. The removal of these sticky contaminants is di cult to achieve along the process due to the heterogeneous nature of these organic contaminants. In this study, the nature of sticky contaminants in multiple wastepaper grades was analyzed and characterized using screening, solvent extraction with subsequent analysis such as FT-IR, GC-MS, and SEM.The content of stickies in wastepaper varies among different paper grades and their recovery methods.The majority of wastepaper grades collected from a recycled paper mill contains 3-5 wt% stickies, while a sample from a curb side collection from a residential area contains about 15 wt% stickies. Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) polymers, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), para n waxes and polyamines are the major components in the extracted sticky contaminants. In addition, these stickies deposit heavily on bers surface leading to high negative charge in bers suspension ranging between 2 ~ 4.5 µeq/L. It is expected that these ndings will assist addressing the knowledge gaps in understanding the nature of stickies and their behaviors, and to eventually develop highly e cient technologies for contamination removal in the paper recycling process.

Paperboards show different behaviors due to their structures. For example, if the paperboard thickness increases its strength increases. Different applications can affect paperboard structure especially coatings and inks. Because of this reason, in this study, the effect of offset printing ink on cardboard strength was investigated. In order to control the ink coated paperboard strength properties after printing, different types of paperboards were used with different grammage, thickness and surface properties. Paperboard samples were 1-ply, 2-ply, 3-ply and 5 different grammages as 215, 240, 250, 290 and 350 g/m 2 .All samples were printed with a one-unit offset printing machine. After drying, tensile, elongation, stiffness, tear and bursting tests were performed on the both printed and unprinted paperboards according to TAPPI standards. The paperboards showed different behaviors according to the applied tests. Some of them show significant changes, but some of them do not. The printed and unprinted sample values were compared only for the same paperboard grades.