Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in single- or split-dose regimens for colonoscopy bowel preparation. Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, endoscopist blinded, single-center study, that included adult patients who underwent colonoscopy during the period from December 2017 to October 2018. Two groups were enrolled in the same period: One group used 4 L of PEG (Nulytely) in a single-dose preparation, administered a day before the procedure, and the other group received a split-dose regimen of 2 L PEG (Nulytely), given a day before the procedure and 2 L on the day of the procedure in the early morning. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) was used for bowel preparation adequacy; scales 0 and 1 were considered inadequate, and scales 2 and 3 were considered adequate preparation. Results: Two hundred and forty patients were enrolled, 120 (50%) using the split-dose regimen and 120 (50%) using the single-dose regimen, for bowel preparation. Males constituted 51.6% of the study cohort. In the single-dose group, 62.5% achieved adequate bowel preparation compared to 89.2% in the split-dose group (p< 0.001). In addition, polyp detection in the split-dose group was 23.3% in comparison to 10.8% in the single-dose group ( P = 0.016). We also found hypertension and diabetes as significant predictors of bowel preparation inadequacy, while sex and age were not related to bowel preparation adequacy. Conclusions: Split-dose bowel preparation for colonoscopy with PEG (Nulytely) is better than routine single-dose, in terms of adequate bowel preparation and polyp detection.

Acute rejection and delayed graft function are a common complication post kidney transplant that lead to significant number of graft failure. Our objective is to highlight the incident of acute rejection & delayed graft function after Kidney transplant in children, and its impact on allograft function. Abbreviations: congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT); Donor Specific Antibody (DSA); donor/recipient (D/R); Antiyhymocyte Globulin (ATG); focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS); Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG); Kidney Transplantation (KTx); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Human leukocyte antigen (HLA); Methods: A review of children underwent Kidney transplant between 2012 and 2019. Baseline demographics, Immunosuppression agents, episodes of acute rejection, delayed graft function and graft loss were collected. All children received induction therapy as Antiyhymocyte Globulin (ATG) to all high risk patient include all deceased kidney transplant and basiliximab induction for low risk patients. Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil is a maintenance immunosuppression that given for all patient post kidney transplant.