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Box 1. The desert in Jordan: a parking lot for herds? Box 2. The Raika and their camels Box 3. Measuring output over time Box 4 Overgrazing in Africa's high-altitude grasslands Box 5. Keeping Chukchi reindeer herds in check Box 6. Persuading the Navajo to sell Box 7. The expansion of micro-livestock in Nigeria v 6. Experience to date suggests that technical inputs will only have a very limited impact on overall output. Only a major policy reorientation will protect and support pastoralism during the next millennium. Elements likely to become important are; a. Production of niche products, either unusual species or breeds, and meat and milk free from contaminants b. Crop-livestock integration, the effective use of pastoral outputs in mixed farming, particularly the extension of work animals c. Co-conservation, the development of interlocking strategies to link conservation of wild fauna and flora with pastoral production d. The expansion of ecologically-sensitive low-volume tourism, using pastoralists to provide services, particularly in the area of indigenous knowledge Roger Blench: Pastoralists in the new millennium

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