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Introductiondiagnostic nasal endoscopy is the first step in the evaluation of the patients. 2 Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses is now a routine investigative method for patients with sinonasal symptoms that may require surgical intervention. The presence of sinus opacification on CT scans that is resistant to medical treatment or a visible mass on endoscopic examination demands further investigations for an accurate diagnosis, such as biopsy or surgery. 3 The etiology is usually an inflammatory Background and objective: Patient with unilateral nasal pathology is common in clinical practice. A careful history followed by complete otolaryngology examination is mandatory and diagnostic nasal endoscopy by either flexible or by using endoscope. This study aimed to assess patients presented with the unilateral sinonasal disease, regarding clinical features, CT scan findings, and histopathological results. Methods: A prospective study was completed on 90 patients with unilateral sinonasal disease. The study was conducted at the Otolaryngology Department, Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Iraq, from February 2017 to July 2018. Regarding the pathological result, patients were categorized into two main groups of inflammatory and neoplastic.A biopsy was taken for histopathological confirmation from the patients with nasal mass either under local or under general anesthesia. The patients had been assessed clinically and radiologically. Results: Chronic rhinosinusitis was found to be the commonest cause of unilateral sinonasal disease followed by antrochoanal Polyp, benign tumor, fungal sinusitis and then malignant tumor in that order. Male gender and right side were predominant. The purulent nasal discharge was the commonest symptom under inflammatory conditions, while nasal bleeding, dental and orbital complained were the main symptoms in neoplastic diseases. Calcifications were noted on CT scan, mainly in patients with fungal sinusitis. Bony erosion and destruction were detected in the malignant tumor. Conclusion:Chronic rhinosinusitis was the most common cause of unilateral nasal and paranasal disease. Comprehensive evaluations of patient age, presenting symptoms, naso -endoscopic examination, and CT finding help in the diagnosis of unilateral sinus disease. However, histopathological confirmation remains the gold standard for final diagnosis

Background Nasal obstruction is a highly prevalent problem in that can negatively affect quality of life. One of the common causes of nasal obstructions a deviated septum. In the presence of such nasal obstruction, nasal septoplasty and Minimal Nasal Valve Surgery procedures can improve the nasal airway and nasal scale score. Septoplasty procedure alone use commonly to overcome this nasal obstruction. Objective To compare the effectiveness of combination of septoplasty with minimal nasal valve surgery versus the septoplasty alone in the treatment of nasal obstruction and improving the nasal scale score. Patients and Methods This is a comparative prospective study conducted at tertiary center and private hospital from Nov. 2014 to June 2016. The study included 60 patients suffering from nasal obstruction for more than 6 months. The patients were selected for the type of surgery randomly. Following rigid nasal endoscopy of the nose and valve area to exclude other pathologies, assessment of nasal obstruction 1 week before surgery was done according to Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) Scale. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgery. Group A: Septoplasty with minimal nasal valve repair. Group B: Septoplasty alone. Results Significant improvement in the treatment of nasal obstruction was achieved in group A with mean Nasal scores of [14.43] preoperatively and [4.20] 3 months postoperatively.No significant difference in the nasal score in early post-operative time in both groups. P value found significant in both group regarding the improvement in the airway breathing and overcoming the nasal obstructions in mean of nasal score in both groups A and B in two main period. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding local nasal pain by VAS , P value were non-significant. here was no significant differenc regarding the bleeding in both groups A and B after removal of the silastic intranasal splintafter oneweek. No significant difference regarding crustation in both Groups. Conclusion Both groups in this study had good outcome in treating nasal obstruction and nasal scale with the superiority of the group A in long term after 3 months.

Background The tonsils and adenoid enlargement are the most common cause of respiratory tract obstruction in children and cause obstructive sleep apnea and snoring. These children may present with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection with frequent antibiotic uses. Parents may worry about some alteration in children’s behavior and development which are caused by adenotonsillar enlargement.  Objectives  To evaluate the quality of life of children with adenotonsillar enlargement, recurrent and chronic tonsillitis before and after adenotonsillectomy.  Patients and Methods A prospective observational study done. Data collected from (January 2015 to end of July, 2015). Parents of 118 children who underwent adenotonsillectomy in (ENT, Head and Neck Surgery – Sulaimani Teaching Center) were interviewed before the operation and 6 months after the operation, by using the questionnaire about quality of life, physical problems, sleeping problems, speech and swallowing problems, emotional discomfort, limitation of activities and parents’ concerns; each of them scored from zero to six. Results  The score obtained by the questionnaire after adenotonsillectomy significantlyreduced as compared to the score obtained before the operation. Symptoms which have the highest scores before the operation are nasal obstruction and snoring. There was a decrease in the number of upper respiratory tract infections after the adenotonsillectomy. There was a significant decrease in the use of antibiotics after adenotonsillectomy.  Conclusion We conclude that the quality of life of these children improved after adenotonsillectomy, especially the physical problems and sleep problems, the number of upper respiratory tract infections decreased and the decrease in the use of antibiotics, but children who have had symptoms of rhinitis had less improvement in their quality of life compared to the children who didn’t have these symptoms.

Methods: This prospective study included 71 children aged 3-10 years old attending Rizgary Teaching Hospital for adenotonsillectomy between August 2013 to January 2014. Questions about upper airway obstruction symptoms were directed to parents and patients. Tympanometry and plane radiological study of lateral soft tissue of the neck were done for each case. Tympanometric type A and C1 were considered normal while B and C2 as abnormal. The adenoid size was measured by using adenoidal/nasopharyngeal ratio. Results: Of 71 children (142 ears), 20 children (40 ears) had gross adenoid enlargement, of which tympanometry was found to be normal in 75% and abnormal in 25%. In 28 children (56 ears) with moderate adenoid enlargement, tympanometry was normal in 78.6% and abnormal in 21.4%. Twenty three children (46 ears) had minimal adenoid enlargement, in which tympanometry was normal in 91.3% and abnormal in 8.7%. Conclusion: The study showed that adenoid size in children had an effect on tympanometric readings. Although the incidence of abnormal tympanometry was higher with the increased adenoid size but it was statistically non-significant.