In order to enable the Moroccan University to provide the country with human resources capable of contributing to its development, a reform of higher education was implemented as from 2003. This reform focuses much more on the development of students' skills than on the acquisition of knowledge. In this context, the UM5R has set up a Specialized Master in Entrepreneurship and Project Management. The main innovation of this training is the introduction of active pedagogy through two activities: entrepreneurial missions and creativity workshops. This article attempts to answer the question of the extent to which the introduction of this educational innovation has improved the entrepreneurial skills of the students. The chosen research methodology is action research. The main result is that the introduction of active pedagogy has enabled students to effectively develop entrepreneurial skills, to file patents and to create their own companies.

In a context of massification, students of open access programs in higher education encounter more learning difficulties than their counterparts of the regulated system. In the educational literature, these learning difficulties are mainly explained by deficiencies attributable to the students; their perception is seldom taken into account. This led us to explore such difficulties from the learner's point of view in an unregulated system, namely the economics and management courses of the Mohammed V University in Rabat. This exploration was based on a discriminant analysis conducted on a sample of 122 students. The results of this study, while confirming the important role of the student's behavioral and metacognitive commitment in the learning process, emphasize the deficiencies of the institution and the professors that also explain a main part of learning difficulties. They also highlight the lack of accompaniment of learners from their pupil status to that of students which reveal the early appearance of these difficulties.Keywords: Learning difficulties, Discriminant Analysis, University pedagogy, massification, University Mohammed V of Rabat RésuméDans un contexte de massification, les étudiants des filières à accès ouvert de l'enseignement supérieur connaissent des difficultés d'apprentissage plus accentuées que leurs homologues du système à accès régulé. Dans la littérature pédagogique, ces difficultés d'apprentissage sont principalement expliquées par des carences imputables aux étudiants, leur

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The Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a very important role both in social and economic terms. To survive, these entities need adequate funding and ongoing support. This article aims to present the one hand the various sources of funding that can be used by SMEs, and secondly, it proposes to study the relationship-SME Bank, so as to identify the causes limiting the access to the bank loan, which is the most important source of funding for this category of companies.

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