Résumé L’émulsion est une forme très répandue dans les applications pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques, et les tensio‐actifs synthétiques utilisés pour stabiliser ce système dispersé posent un problème écologique. L’émulsion stabilisée par des particules solides (émulsion de Pickering) vient pour régler ce problème. Cette étude vise à réduire la teneur en tensio‐actif dans les formulations des émulsions pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques. La stabilité physique (stabilité au crémage) d'une émulsion de Pickering H/E utilisant des particules solides de bentonite en combinaison avec un tensio‐actif cationique (CTAB) et en présence de sel (NaCl) a été optimisée à l'aide de la méthodologie des surfaces de réponses. Les résultats montrent qu'une teneur de 7 % de particules solides en présence de faibles concentrations en tensio‐actif cationique (CTAB, 0.02 %) et en sel (NaCl, 0.015 mol/L) permet d'obtenir une stabilité physique satisfaisante après 22 mois de vieillissement. En outre, la température qui a une influence directe sur la viscosité du milieu lors de la préparation, est déterminante pour l'obtention d'une émulsion stable. Ainsi, une émulsion de Pickering préparée à 50 °C montre une stabilité comparable à celle d'une émulsion préparée à 20 °C et contenant deux fois plus d'agents stabilisants.
The aim of this work is to study the impact of processing parameters on the rheological properties of Pickering emulsions containing bentonite particles, CTAB, NaCl and soybean oil. Emulsification experiments were performed using mixing and homogenization at different speeds for 10 minutes. The effects of stirring speed and homogenization were investigated to determine the best conditions for producing a suitable Pickering emulsion for the intended application. In order to assess the influence of processing parameters on the Pickering emulsion rheological behavior average droplet size was measured and rheological tests were performed on all the emulsions samples. The rheological behavior of these emulsions is modeled by Casson's law. Results show that the stirring speed first decreases the average size of the droplets, and then an effect on the initial viscosity is observed. Increasing the stirring speed increases the values of the initial viscosity in contrast to the infinite viscosity which is influenced by the homogenization speed. On the other hand, these processing parameters significantly affect the values of the yield strength. Keywords: stirring speed, speed homogenization, rheological properties, Pickering emulsion.
The ability of solid particles to adhere to soft deformable interfaces, for example to the surface of emulsion droplets or bubbles, is currently the subject of renewed interest in material science. On the other hand, Clay minerals are among the most widely used materials in pharmaceutical formulation, because of their properties as excipients and/or their biological activities. These features depend on both their colloidal dimensions and high surface. The phenomenon that solid particles can reside at the interface of droplets, thereby providing them with resistance against coalescence or Ostwald ripening, is known as Pickering stabilization. In this study Algerian bentonite clay is used for this purpose. An evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the emulsion after incorporation of the essential oil of Thymus fontanesii (local plant) also showed a fairly good encapsulation ability.
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