An essentially linear conjugated thiourea system provides wide range of electronic properties as they consist of rigid π -systems on their structures. This study reported the synthetic, characterization and theoretical evaluation of molecular wire candidate bearing alkoxy thiourea derivative featuring methylbenzene head group. It was applied as dopant in Carboxymethyl-Cellulose (CMC) solution in order to form a conductive biodegradable thin film. According to the conductivity result, the developed system can be developed as electrical conductor as proven via both experimental and theoretical studies. Therefore, this type of A-ArC(O)NHC(S)NHAr-D molecular framework has opened wide possibilities to be applied in many micro-electronic application devices.

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Commercially, Avobenzone and Oxybenzone act as absorber of UVA and UVB while titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the physical “blockers” of UV radiation in sunscreen formulation. These active ingredients are known to cause photo-allergic reactions, while others are suspected as estrogen disrupters. Due to this concern, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is derived from clam shell in order to replace Avobenzone and Oxybenzone as organic component in UV absorber. The HAp has arisen as potential candidates to replace synthetic chemicals in sunscreens due to its properties that contain calcium, phosphate, chitin and protein that gives a great result in absorbing UV light. HAp is added into emulsion of sunscreen lotion and analyzed using thermal, spectroscopy and skin analysis in order to determine the potential results. The use of this biomaterial namely HAp is an alternative for the safe, organic, less chemical and good cosmetic product.

Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl2which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.

Thiourea derivatives are versatile family of ligands which provides wide range of electronic properties since they consist of rigid π-systems on their structures. In this work, a new type of thiourea compound with general formula Me-C 6 H 4 C(O)NHC(S)NHC 6 H 4-OC 8 H 17 of N-(4-methylbenzoyl)thiourea (MBTU) was successfully synthesised and characterized by using NMR, FTIR and UV-vis analysis. The development of new conductive biodegradable film based on MBTU has been accomplished by incorporating chitosan to the polymer-dopant system via solution-cast technique. The impedance measurement technique was employed to determine conductivity of biodegradable film. It shows that, with the addition of MBTU, the increasing of conductivity is from 10 −9 to 10 −8 Scm −1. TNM results show that the conductivity of biodegradable film is governed by electronic conducting species. It is proven that MBTU compound exhibits promise and has great potential to be explored and used as doping system in conductive materials applicationin the future.