Objective: to understand the experience of nurses in care delivery to culturally diverse families. Method: qualitative meta-synthesis. Exhaustive search in seven databases, three repositories and a manual search in references without time limit, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, resulting in 1609 potentially relevant studies. These were assessed based on the title, summary and full text, determining the final inclusion of 14 studies. Two independent reviewers used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) to assess the quality. The interpretative synthesis implied permanent contrast and consensus among the authors, revealing four categories and one meta-theme. Results: "taking care of a culturally diverse family, the experience of crossing a tightrope". Conclusion: the experience of nurses in care delivery to culturally diverse families is demanding and challenging because it imprints a constant tension among barriers, cultural manifestations and the ethical responsibility of care, incipiently revealing elements of cultural competency. The omission of information in the participants' reports in the studies represents a limitation. The findings offer a baseline for professionals and organizations to focus their intervention efforts on the continuing barriers in care delivery to culturally diverse families and strengthens the need for cultural competency training for nurses.
Resumo A Colômbia encontra-se atualmente em fase de implantação de um novo modelo de saúde, que está sendo testado em uma região da Amazônia, e tem como principal objetivo estratégico a atenção primária à saúde com enfoque intercultural. Trata-se do recorte de uma tese de doutorado delineada pela metodologia de estudo de caso, que teve por objetivo compreender o processo de construção cotidiana da atenção primária à saúde na perspetiva de indígenas e profissionais de saúde, em Guainía, Colômbia. Participaram do estudo 22 usuários indígenas, 26 profissionais de saúde e três participantes chave. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta, sendo posteriormente transcritos e analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Os resultados mostram que a interculturalidade, como um processo permanente de negociações e articulações presentes no cotidiano de indígenas e profissionais de saúde, constitui-se parte fundamental da construção da atenção primária à saúde em Guainía. Nela materializa-se o encontro e intercâmbio de formas heterogêneas de pensar-saber, que permitem novas interpretações de conhecimentos e práticas em saúde, apesar desse processo estar permeado por conflitos, ambiguidades, assimetrias e contradições.
Análisis en clave decolonial de la interculturalidad en el modelo integral de atención en salud en Guainía, ColombiaA decolonial analysis of interculturality in the integral model of health care in Guainía, ColombiaAnálise em chave decolonial da interculturalidade no modelo integral de atenção em saúde em Guainía, Colômbia
Objective. To identify the meanings, uses, and contexts of applying the culture brokerage concept in nursing articles published from 1995 to 2011. Methodology. A total of 32 articles were identified from the following databases: Cuiden, SciElo, Ovid Nursing, Ovid, Medline and Pubmed. Results. It was found that 56.2% of the articles were about research, 37.5% on reflection, and 6.2% topic revision. Five categories emerged from the analysis: culture brokerage concepts, culture brokerage and cultural competence, culture brokerage and the performers, culture brokerage in the care of immigrants, and culture brokerage in the care of individuals with chronic diseases. Conclusion. Culture brokerage is a type of emerging care; it has various approaches and applications in both the community and hospital environments. Its conceptualization helps in the development of the nursing discipline.
RESUMEN En 2016 comenzó en Colombia la implantación de un nuevo modelo de salud con foco en la atención primaria, siendo Guainía, en la Amazonía colombiana, la primera región en iniciar el test piloto. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el cotidiano de implementación de la atención primaria, en el marco del Modelo Integral de Atención en Salud, desde la perspectiva de indígenas y profesionales de la salud en Guainía, Colombia. Se trata de un estudio de caso único, con abordaje cualitativo, fundamentado en la sociología comprensiva del cotidiano. Los datos, recolectados mediante observación directa y entrevistas semiestructuradas con 26 profesionales de salud y 22 usuarios indígenas, fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido temático. Emergieron cinco categorías: ‘vivir en el puesto’, ‘resolver solo’, ‘el desafío de la cobertura territorial’, ‘comisiones de salud: solventando vacíos’ y ‘apoyo de líderes locales’. A pesar de la propuesta reestructurante traída por el nuevo modelo, se evidenció en el cotidiano la persistencia de un enfoque asistencialista y basado en la lógica curativista en la prestación de los servicios. Aunque los atributos de la atención primaria se ven comprometidos, se identificaron acciones cotidianas que pueden favorecer la integralidad en la atención y aportar a una transición exitosa.
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