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Objective: To evaluate the presence of phytochemicals in AEDN plant species (Aqueous leaf extract of Decalepis nervosa) and antidiabetic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Either sex rats were grouped into 5 classes. Alloxan monohydrate was used as induced diabetic whereas glibenclamide was used as standard drug. Medicinal endangered plant DN aqueous extract was used with two different doses. Diabetes was induced with Alloxan monohydrate at 150 mg/kg B.w. The AEDN was standardized with Pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening and chemical test confirmed the presence of phytoconstituents like glycoside, alkaloid, phenols, and flavonoids. Acute toxicity was performed for dose selection in antidiabetic study. Results: Glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg b.w. and AEDN (200 mg and 400 mg) extract were given to all diabetic induced rats. The reduction of the blood glucose level may have correlation with the presence of plant secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds) which was identified by TLC and confirmed by HPLC studies. The decreased level of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and liver enzymes activity resulted dose dependency of AEDN extract. OGTT was performed by administration of 200 mg and 400 mg of aqueous extract of DN and 5 mg of glibenclamide to different groups respectively which significantly lower after oral glucose load during blood sample collection. Animal body weight and dose of AEDN extract showed significant effect on blood glucose level (**P<0.01). Conclusion: The first report on the phytochemicals and therapeutic activity of AEDN leaf was established with potential antidiabetic activity by increased insulin secretion via enhanced peripheral glucose utilization mechanism.

Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent disease, and Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent involved in the initiation of the disease. The extensive use of a limited range of antimicrobial drugs in dentistry has led to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. There is an increasing need to find new alternatives against drug-resistant bacteria. Globally, there is a continuous effort towards identifying natural anti-caries agents for the prevention and better management of caries. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibiofilm potential of Azadirachta indica leaf methanolic (ALM) extract against S. mutans biofilm. The study employed a standard reference strain of S. mutans MTCC 497, for in vitro standardisation of biofilm by microtiter plate assay. The antibiofilm activity of the ALM extract was evaluated against the S. mutans strain, and the same was confirmed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro biofilm standardisation results demonstrated that 50 µl/ml of S. mutans inoculum concentration exhibited a much superior biofilm formation than the other concentrations employed. Light microscopy and SEM images revealed that ALM extract at 100 mg/ml concentration significantly inhibited the S. mutans biofilm. To conclude, the study reports that the A. indica leaf extract is a potential source to inhibit the S. mutans biofilm. Further studies are warranted to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the antibiofilm activity of ALM extract against S. mutans biofilm that aid in the design of natural anti-caries products.