The removal of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) from an aqueous solution through adsorption on to Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, 50% Mn substituted Fe3O4, 75% Mn substituted Fe3O4, and Mn3O4 nanomaterials was investigated. Characterization of the nanomaterials using XRD showed only pure phases for Mn3O4, MnFe2O4, and Fe3O4. The 50% and 75% substituted nanomaterials were found to be mixtures of Mn3O4 and Fe3O4. From batch studies the optimum binding pH of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) to the nanomaterials was determined to be pH 3. The binding capacity for As(III) and As(VI) to the various nanomaterials was determined using Isotherm studies. The binding capacity of Fe3O4 was determined to be 17.1 mg/g for arsenic(III) and 7.0 mg/g for arsenic(V). The substitution of 25% Mn into the Fe3O4 lattice showed a slight increase in the binding capacity for As(III) and As(VI) to 23.8 mg/g and 7.9 mg/g, respectively. The 50% substituted showed the maximum binding capacity of 41.5 mg/g and 13.9 mg/g for arsenic(III) and arsenic(V). The 75% Mn substituted Fe3O4 capacities were 16.7 mg/g for arsenic(III) and 8.2 mg/g for arsenic(V). The binding capacity of the Mn3O4 was determined to be 13.5 mg/g for arsenic(III) and 7.5 mg/g for arsenic(V). In addition, interference studies on the effects of SO2−4, PO3−4, Cl−, and NO−3 investigated. All the interferences had very minimal effects on the As(III) and As(V) binding never fell below 20% even in the presence of 1000 ppm interfering ions.

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Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to gain an insight into the role played by Social Media Reviews in capturing Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty. The study has been conducted in the fast food industry (local burger joints) available in Karachi, Pakistan. This research study is quantitative in nature. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research study is quantitative in nature. It is an explanatory research under which deductive hypotheses testing has been used. The research instrument used is questionnaire and data has been analyzed through Correlation and Regression Analysis, using SPSS software Findings: The findings of this research study suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between Social Media Reviews (independent variable) and Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty (dependent variables).  The findings also suggest that if consumers are more inclined towards the online reviews given by other consumers, their trust and loyalty towards the specific brand in question will tend to increase. Implications/Originality/Value: This research paper adds to the existing body of knowledge on the role of Social Media Reviews given by the consumers on different social media platforms. This research paper will add value by deciphering and explaining the relationship that exists between social media reviews and brand relationship outcomes like Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty