This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in the development of covalent organic framework materials for separation applications.

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Antibodies have emerged as a fast‐growing category of biopharmaceuticals that have been widely applied in scientific research, medical diagnosis, and disease treatment. However, many antibodies and other biopharmaceuticals display inferior biophysical properties, such as low stability and a propensity to undergo aggregation. Enhancing the stability of biopharmaceuticals is essential for their wide applications. Here, a facile in vitro protective coating strategy based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is proposed to efficiently protect antibodies against perturbation environments and quickly recover them from the MOFs before usage, which avoids introducing protective additives into the body, which may cause biosafety risks. The protected antibodies exhibit extraordinary thermal, chemical, and mechanical stabilities, and they can survive for long‐term storage (>3 weeks) under severe temperature variation (4 ↔ 50 °C) at a fast ramp rate (25 °C min−1). More importantly, the encapsulated antibodies can be easily released as quickly as 10 s with high efficiency (≈100%) to completely remove the MOFs before use. This study paves a new avenue for the facile preparation and storage of biopharmaceuticals represented by antibodies under ambient or perturbation conditions, which may greatly broaden and promote the applications of both MOFs and biopharmaceuticals.

Developing photocatalysts capable of visible-lightdriven water splitting to produce clean hydrogen (H 2 ) is one of the premier challenges for solar energy conversion into clean and sustainable fuels. Inspired from the structure feature of photosystem I in nature, we have designed and synthesized a series of robust covalent organic frameworks (NKCOFs = Nankai University COFs) based on electric donor−acceptor moieties, in which the electron-donor group of pyrene can be used for harvesting light. Meanwhile, benzothiadiazole with different functional groups was introduced as an electron acceptor to tune the light-adsorption ability of COFs. Notably, the activity of NKCOF-108 for photochemical H 2 evolution under visible light was among the highest in COFs without hybridization with other materials. We attribute the high hydrogen evolution rate of NKCOF-108 to its distinct structural features and wide visible-lightresponse range. The highly ordered layered structure ensures that sufficient active sites are accessible for H 2 production, and the donor−acceptor design can promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. Our findings have provided an effective strategy to design photocatalysts for light-driven H 2 evolution.

Maps synthesizing climate, biophysical and socioeconomic data have become part of the standard tool‐kit for communicating the risks of climate change to society. Vulnerability maps are used to direct attention to geographic areas where impacts on society are expected to be greatest and that may therefore require adaptation interventions. Under the Green Climate Fund and other bilateral climate adaptation funding mechanisms, donors are investing billions of dollars of adaptation funds, often with guidance from modeling results, visualized and communicated through maps and spatial decision support tools. This paper presents the results of a systematic review of 84 studies that map social vulnerability to climate impacts. These assessments are compiled by interdisciplinary teams of researchers, span many regions, range in scale from local to global, and vary in terms of frameworks, data, methods, and thematic foci. The goal is to identify common approaches to mapping, evaluate their strengths and limitations, and offer recommendations and future directions for the field. The systematic review finds some convergence around common frameworks developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, frequent use of linear index aggregation, and common approaches to the selection and use of climate and socioeconomic data. Further, it identifies limitations such as a lack of future climate and socioeconomic projections in many studies, insufficient characterization of uncertainty, challenges in map validation, and insufficient engagement with policy audiences for those studies that purport to be policy relevant. Finally, it provides recommendations for addressing the identified shortcomings. This article is categorized under: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation