Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors of the surgical complications following the caesarian section. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration:This study was conducted at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi from June 2018 to June 2021 Methodology: All the cases of the caesarian section conducted in our hospital in three year were included in this study. In this study, we recruited 79052 cases of caesarian section delivering their first child while 402316 vaginal deliveries were also reported. Short-term complications occurring within 42 days after delivery (puerperium) were also noted. The risk for placenta previa and uterine rupture was also studied. The secondary outcomes of surgical complications were that that occurred after the caesarian section. We divided our participants into subcategories to identify the risk factors. Results: We observed comparatively high odd ratios of the case group for all surgical complications. Within 42 days we observed 0.17% cases of bleeding, 0.22% organ damage, 0.22% of wound dehiscence, and 0.66% cases of infection were also reported. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the trend of the caesarian section is steadily increasing in past few years. However, the caesarian section has more complications when compared with vaginal deliveries. Obesity and smoking are independent risk factors for caesarian complications. Keywords: Caesarian section, Life-threatening complications, Obesity

Aim: To assess the association between premature rupture of membrane and maternal blood vitamin D levels. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College from April 2020 to April 2021. Methodology: Over the duration of one year, a total of 100 patients with vitamin D levels, as well as obstetrical abnormalities and risk factors, were monitored. In 88 pregnant women, vitamin D deficiency was observed. Pregnant women who have a thyroid disorder, such as thyroiditis or Grave's disease, or who had calcium or parathyroid disease in the past, or who need cardiac medication therapy,& diuretic particularly calcium channel blockers were excluded from the study. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 88 pregnant women out of 100. It was more prevalent among housewives (86.36 percent) and multiparous women (68.0 percent). Pregnancy complications were present in 33.0 percent of cases such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and diabetes, and PROM was less prevalent in the deficient group. Conclusion: Our data indicate that pregnant females are at a greater risk of Vitamin D deficiency, and associated pregnancy complications. The correlation between maternal vitamin D levels & preterm rupture of the membrane was not statistically significant.