Copper oxide nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a sol-gel technique. An aqueous solution of copper nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 and acetic acid was used as precursor. On addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) a precipitate of copper oxide was immediately formed. The copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by use of x-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern contained sharp peaks of copper oxide nanoparticles with mixed cuprite and tenorite phases. Use of the Debye-Scherer equation showed that the crystallite size of the copper oxide nanoparticles increased with increasing annealing temperature. FTIR spectra revealed vibration of the CuO band at 473 cm À1 ; a band at 624 cm À1 was attributed to Cu 2 O. Maximum coercivity and saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles were 276 Oe and 0.034 emu/g, respectively. SEM micrographs of the nanoparticles revealed the presence of spherical nanoparticles of the tenorite phase whereas the cuprite phase was in the form of a compact deposit.
ZnO thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by dip coating technique using a solution of zinc acetate, ethanol and distilled water. Optical constants, such as refractive index n and extinction coefficient k, were determined from transmittance spectrum in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) regions using envelope methods. The films were found to exhibit high transmittance, low absorbance and low reflectance in the visible regions. Absorption coefficient ∝, and the thickness of the film t were calculated from interference of transmittance spectra. The direct optical band gap of the films was in the range of 3.98 to 3.54 eV and the thickness of the films was evaluated in the range of 173 to 323 nm, while the refractive index slightly varied in the range of 1.515 to 1.622 with an increase in withdrawal speed from 100 to 250 mm/s. The crystallographic structure of the films was analyzed with X-ray diffractometer. The films were amorphous in nature.
Optimized growth of nanocrystalline cobalt doped ZnS thin films on glass substrates was carried out using the CBD method. The structural, morphological, magnetic and optical properties of deposited thin films have been studied.
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