No abstract

In recent times, religiosity and spirituality have received much attention towards mental health, but very few investigations worked on their role on life satisfaction within the gender perspective. The present study, however, investigates the relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and life satisfaction among individuals residing in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Pakistan, with special reference to gender. For this purpose, a sample of 150 adults (71 men and 79 women) were selected by convenient sampling technique and was evaluated using validated versions of three scales: Religious Orientation Scale (ROS), Spirituality Scale (SS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). Results indicate that religiosity and spirituality have a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction. Results of linear regression showed that religiosity and spirituality significantly predict life satisfaction. Women reported more religious orientation and spirituality as compared to men in the sample studied. The study is useful for both men and women, highlighting the importance of one's orientation towards religion.

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and couple relationship satisfaction; with the subjective happiness of pregnant women of Pakistan. Methodology: This study used a quantitative research method, and questionnaires were used for data collection from pregnant women (N = 200) of Haripur, Abbottabad, Wah Cantt, and Taxila. The statistical analyses of correlation, regression, t-test, and ANOVAs were used. Main Findings: The results indicated that pregnancy-related anxiety predicts subjective happiness of pregnant women, couple relationship satisfaction positively predicted subjective happiness of pregnant women, and couple relationship satisfaction does not moderate the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and subjective happiness among pregnant women. Applications of this study: The findings have theoretical and applied significance in the term allowing targeting those pregnant women who would benefit from assessment and coping with pregnancy-related anxiety. Novelty/Originality of this study: Identifying the women at risk would allow us to follow them up during their pregnancy, recognize earlier symptoms of pregnancy-related anxiety as they develop, and implement therapeutic interventions if needed, and spouse's training may also be encouraged and planed.