No abstract

Although the last oil well fire was announced dead officially on 6th November 1992, the oil wells were far away from being ready to be put back on stream for oil production which is the main source of income for a war-torn country. This paper presents more accurate statistics of the Fire Fighting Stage and discusses in detail the efforts, techniques, equipment, procedures and steps taken to restore the production from the explosions and fire damaged wells. Figure 1 shows a pie chart for the condition of the wells controlled by the major fire fighting teams, while figure 2 shows the pie charts for the methods used by these teams in controlling the oil wells. The operations executed under the Post Capping Operations, although does not seem as dangerous as the initial Capping of the wells, it is equally as hard and demanding as the initial Capping Operational is almost equivalent to capping the gushing wells. It was not important as to how you cap the well during the fire stage. However, during post capping operations you have to stick to the laid out procedure using the required available equipment to achieve a set goal of having the wells ready to be taken for the rig workover. To achieve this ultimate goal of installing a new wellhead and X-mas tree instead of the Damaged remains of the wellhead, the following steps were developed in what is known as the Post Capping Operation:- Cutting off the damaged wellhead and securing the well with full bore ball valves. Fishing the tubing string to allow for working space. Securing the well with inflatable packers. Installing a new wellhead. The above work is not as simple as it may seem, as most of the wells were full of bad surprises.

No abstract

No abstract

Electricity is the engine for the growth of economy of any country. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan is presently approx 20,000 MW as given in Table-1. Despite this, almost 40% of the population is without electricity. Pakistan has been blessed with tremendous resources for electrical power generation with hydel, coal, renewable energy resources and Nuclear power. Hydel, coal potential of more than 40,000 MW and 10,000 MW are available but only 15% of hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so for where as only 150 MW power plant on indigenous coal has been set up. To exploit Pakistan hydel and coal resources for power generation large investments are needed which Pakistan economy can not afford. Govt. of Pakistan has created an organization of private power and infrastructure board (PPIB) to facilitate private sector in the participation of power generator. PPIB is tapping the resources and facilitating the private sector for establishment of power projects. Pakistan is collaborating with China for establishment of Nuclear Power Plants and plan to generate up to 10,000 MW by year 2025. Renewable energy resources are also required to be tapped. This paper will focus on the Pakistan power generation potential by utilizing local resources keeping in view the next 20 year supply and demand position.